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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



CHILD'S 

<; E G R A P II Y AN I) H I S TOE Y 

O F 
SAINT LOUIS CITY. 



Arranged by the 

SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH, 
SOUTH ST. LOUIS. 



All rights reserved. 




'" Th3 historian and the geographer work toward each other, — 
the historian going back from the acts of men to study the scene 
which have conditioned their life, the geographer going for- 
ward from the study of the habitat of men to that of their deeds. : ' 

Carl Hitter. 



Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1886, by 
Sisters of St. Joseph, 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



PREFACE. 



In order to follow the requirements of our manual, it will doubtless b« 
found necessary to gi\ e Third Grade classes, drills in the General Questions 
concerning the state, before entering on the chapter — Navigation on the Mia- 
sissippi. 

It has been proposed that this book be used in the fourth quarter of the 
Second Grade, that on taking up the work of the Third Grade, pupils may b% 
accustomed to the reading of the lessons. The teacher will be xhe best judge 
as to the ability of the pupil to take in " Navigation on the Mississippi and 
Railroads" before obtaining the required information concerning their State. 

Motions of the earth should be taught by means of a small globe. Defi- 
nitions of natural divisions may be given as dictation exercises to be copied 
from the board. The Fourth Grade, requiiing United States in outline, bring i» 
the questions given under General Review. The teacher should select those 
she deems most suitable. 

The Fourth Grade should be provided with a map of the United States 
showing the principal railroads. By this means the various places to be 
reached from their own city may be traced, and the manner of travel de- 
scribed. 

The thirty-six squares of a township should be drawn by pupils in 
Second Grade by east and west, north and south lines. The map of the city 
should be drawn in parts according as the class becomes acquainted with the 
various localities, then the map of the State, and finally of the United States 
tracing the work from pupil's own State. Next map drawing should be that of 
North America, with review of the work pieviously learned. 

The Miscellaneous Questions may be used at the option of the teacher 
but map drawing in everv step of this work should be insisted upon. 

In this way the directions of the manual for Third and Fourth Grades will 
l>e followed. The book should accomplish all Geographical work required 
iu Seeond, Third, and Fourth Grades. 



— CONTENTS.*- 
Lbsson. Page. 



1st First talk about the Eiver 3 

2nd Bridge and Tunnel 4 

3rd The Four Courts 5 

4th Public Pleasure Grounds 6 

5th Publio Parks of St Louis 7 

6th Carondelet 8 

7th Productions 9 

8th Ornamental and Shade Trees U 

9th . Fruit Trees 18 

10th Vines and Roses 14 

Ilth Grasses 15 

12th Mosses and Ferns 16 

13th Other Productions 17 

15th Navigation 18 

16th Navigation on the Miss, continued 20 

17th History of First Railroad in St. Louis 21 

18th Missouri Pacific or South-western 21 

19th Railroads continued 22 

20th Railroads concluded 23 

flat Street Cars 25 

22ud Street Oars continued 26 

23rd Trade, Commerce, and Manufactures 27 

24th Iron Manufactures 28 

25th Manufacture of other Minerals 29 
26th Location of Principal BusinessPlaces 30 

27th Fire, Marine, and Life Insurance 31 

28th Insurance Companies 32 

29th Telegraph and Mail Messages 33 

30th Principal Hotels 34 

3Uh Discovery of the Mississippi 35 

32ud Short account of Father Marquette 36 

33rd Foundation of St. Louis 37 
34th Climate, Vegetation and Animated 

Nature 38 

35th Mounds • 39 

33th Old Land Marks 40 

37th Civil War 41 

38th Counties of Missouri 42 



Lesson. 



- CONTENTS. — 



Page. 



39th Kansas City 45 

40th St. Joseph 46 

41st Chillicothe 48 

42nd Hannibal 49 

43rd Sedalia 50 

44th Ste. Genevieve 51 

45th St. Louis County 52 

46th General Review 53 

47th Review of State 55 

4Sth General Review 56 

49th Situation of St. Louis 57 

50th Sketch of its religious history 58 

51st Government 59 

52ud Population 60 

53rd Climate 60 



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MAP OF PART 

OF THE 

CITY Olst. LOUIS 



"THOWINC the Principal Public Pleasure Crounds, Cemeteries, 
-D Streets and Places of Importance in the City; also the City 
n connection with the river, and the surrounding villages. 

Prepared for " CHILD S GEOGRAPHY and HISTORY of ST. LOUIS CITY " 



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THE 
CHI LIT X GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 



LESSON. I. 

FIRST TALK ABOUT THE TtlVER. 



The pupil having answered such questions as: How high is this room, f 
Haw long is it f How wide ? What direction do you the from the school- 
hovset Point to your home. Standing with your right hand to the river 
name the opposite direction. What direction do you lire from the river ? 
What direct ion is this school from the rimrf With your right hand toward 
fh< river what direction are you facing? What is the. opposite direction t 
Tn what direction do the Fifth street cars run? The Market street cars f 
Point to South St. Louis or Carondelet. Point to East St. Louis. 

Where doep the water go which falls to the ground? 
Most of the flowing water which falls in our state flows into the 31 is 
sissippi rirer. Some sinks into the ground, until it comes to rocks or clay 
upon which it flows along and then bursts out below the surface; and som* 
of it returns into the clouds through the air. 

How does the water come from the spring ? 

It flows in little streams called rivulets, brook* and creeks. A sud- 
•'. n descent of water is called, a water fall. A stream of fresh water flow- 
ing into the sea or other body of water is called a river. 
What then is our river ? 

A stream of fresh water flowing into the sea. 
What do we call the sea into which our ilver flows? 
The Gulf of Mexico. 
What direction is the Gulf from our city ! 

// is south from St. Louis. 
What direction then does the river flow? 
It flows south. 

3 



THE CHILD'S GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIH 



What do you mean by the source ? 
The place where it rises. 
Where does the Mississippi rise and where is its mouth ? 
It rises in Minnesota, and its mouth is at the Gulf of Mexico. 
What do we call the earth beneath the river ? 

We call it the bed of the river. 
What do we call the whole space between the banks from top to bottom ? 
We call this the channel of the river. 
At what times does the Mississippi overflow its banks, and what causes 
these overflows? 

In January, and from March to June. The first is caused by the fall 
and winter rains ; the second, from the melting of the snow in its upper 
basin. 

Why do we say the Mississippi river is navigable ? 

Because it is a large, gently flowing river, arid we can go upon it 
from place toplace inlarge vessels. 

LESSON II. 



BRIDGE AND TUNNEL. 

How do we cross the river on the cars ? 
By means of the St. Louis Bridge. 
What have you learned of this bridge ? 

It was designed by Captain Bads, begun in 1867, and completed in 
7874-. It is two stories high. The lower story for the steam cars has a double 
car track, and the upper story has two horse-car tracks, two carriage ways, 
and two foot- ways. 

How arc those two stories supported ? 
By three spans resting on four piers. 
What is the width of each span ? 

The central one is 520 feet and the side ones each, 500 feet wide. 
How are the piers kept in their places ? 

They are sunk through the sand to the bed rock a distance of from 
n in ety to one hundred and thirty feet. 



THE CHILD'S GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS 5 

Over what, do the two roads pass when they reach the St. Louis side 
Over a viaduct of five drches of twenty-seven feet span each, to Washing- 
ton Arenac. 

Where theu do the railroad tracks run ? 

Into a tunnel > h 800 feet long, ending near Eighth Street. 

What is the estimated cost of bridge and tunnel ? 

About eleven millions of dollars. 

'What may we see on the river front of St. Louis ? 

Steamboats, towboats, and barges. 

ITow high is the levee above the river ? 

About twenty feet above the river 's edge. 

What do we wee on the levee ? 

Horses, wagons, mules, drivers, and crowds of people. 

What are the horses and wagons doing there 'i 

Carrying merchandise up or down the bank. Some have come to St. Louis, 
and we are sending some to otlier places. 

How are the streets of our city named ? 

By numbers, from the river. 
'Name some of the streets that cross the numbered streets. 

Spruce, Market, Chestnut, Walnut, Poplar. Pine, &c. 

How are the houses of St. Louis numbered ? 

The houses on the streets running parallel with the river are numbered 
north a nd south from Market Street. Those running east and west take 
their numbers from the river. Each street passing on to a new hundred. 

Where is the Court-house? 

// occupies the square boundeo I by Fourth, Fifth, Chestnut and Market 
Streets. 

Can you describe this building f 

It is built in the form of a Greek cross of Grecian architecture, built of 
Genevieve Limestone. The front is adorned with beautiful porticoes. It cost 
£ 1,200,000. 

What canyon say of the Four Courts? 

It occupies the square formed by Clark Avenue and Spruce Streets on the 
mirth and south ; Eleventh and Twelfth Streets on the east and west. The 
mansion of Henry Chouteau stood on this site. 



6 THE CHILD'S GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

WLat can you say of its frontage ? 

It is three hundred and thirty feet long, and forty-four feel deep, and 
three stories Mgh. There is a space of twenty-five feet between the building 

and the sidewalk. 
To what is this building devoted ? 

To the use of the Criminal Court, Court of Criminal Correction, Police 
Court of the First District, and the Police Department. 
Only three Courts are held in the building, why then is it called " : Four Courts V 
Because of its resemblance to the Four Courts at Dublin. 
What material forms the building and what is the estimated cost ? 
Cream colored Joliet stone. It cost about $1,000,000. 
Where is the City Jail ? 

/// the rear of the main, central structure of the k - Four Courts." 
Where is the Post Office and Custom House built ? 

Corner of Olive and Eighth Streets. It is built of Maine granite, with 
rose colored granite trimmings, three stories in height and has a Freneji 
roof It cost about $5,000,000. 
What can you hay of the Chamber of Commerce ? 

It is five stories high, wholly built of gray limestone and cost $800,000. 
Where is the wholesale business of St. Louis carried on ? 
It is confined to Front, Second, Third, and Main Street*. Front Street 
is one hundred feet wide. 

LESSON IV. 



PUBLIC PLEASUBE GROUNDS. 

Where is Tower Grove Park and what is its extent ? 

It is situated on (/rand Avenue between Magnolia Avenue and Arsenal 
road. It contains two hundred and fifty-six and three fourths acres. 

How did the city come into possession of this park 1 

Through a donation made by Mr. Henry Shaw. 

When was the work of improving this place commenced, and under whose 
supervision ? 

In July of 1861, under Mr. Shaw. 



PUBLIC PLEASURE GROUNDS. 7 

now much did tbe city donate at the commencement, and what is the year- 
ly appropriation 

Thirty-six thousand dollars, and its yearly appropriation is twenty-Jive 
thousand dollars. 

What is the estimated value of Tower Grove Park, and hy whom were the 
bronze statues of Shakespeare and Yon Humboldt presented to this park ? 

In 1882 its estimated value was $1,027,675 ; and the statues were presented 
by Mr. Henry Shaw. 

Where is the Missouri Botanical Garden, how commonly known, and why J .' 
11 is situated on Shaw's Are////'' west of Gr-and Avenue and is known as 
Shaw's Garden, because Mr. Shaw has maintained it for many years at 
his own expense j under his personal directivn, it has grown from //ear to 
year until il is one of the finest places of the kind in the country. 

Who is Henry Shaw \ 

Mr. Shaw is an Englishman by birth. He arrived in St. Louis. May 4., 
1819) where he established himself in the hard/rare business. He succeeded 
in this so well that in twenty years, being then only forty //ears old, lie 
retired from business will/ a large fortune. He traveled for about ten 
years, and, on his return, employed his time in cultivatin • plants. Tints 
commenced Shaw's garden. 

LESSON V. 

PUBLIC PARKS 0¥ ST. LOUIS. 

When was Forest Park formally opened 1 

June 25, 1876, on the unveiling of the bronze statue of Edward Bates, 
formerly attorney- general, in President Lincoln's cabinet, which statue teas 
placed within the bounds of this park. 

What can you say of the scenery of this Parky 

It owes much of its beauty to the Hirer des Peres, a romantic little stream 
traversing the Pari- from northwest to southeast. A number of small 
If/Ires and cascades are fed by this river. Handsome drives and shad// 
walks traverse the Park, and fine buildings, pagodas, music-stands, dv. 
have been built ; while man// other (effractions are //earl// added. 



8 THE CHILD'S GEOGRArHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

Loca!e Lafayette Park. 

It is situated one and a half miles southeast of the Court House, between 
Mississippi Park and Lafayette Avenue. It is one of the oldest parks in the 
city, and rmi la ins thirty acres. The Park and improvements are valued at one 
million one hundred, ana I fifty thousand dollars. 

Describe Carondelet Park. 

It comprises ISO acres, is situated on South Ninth Street, between Loughbor- 
ough and Kansas Avenues. The //round cost $165,000 and the remaining for- 
ty thousand, appropriated by the Legislature for its purchase cud improve- 
ment, was used in fitting up the grounds in their present attractive manner. 

Mention and locate other Parks. 

St. Louis Park, hounded by Pen ton, Herbert, West Eighteenth Streets, 
given to the city in IS '^8 for a pleasure ground by Col. John </ Fallon. 
Cor. Mutter, and others. Estimated worth $150,000. G Fallon Park on 
the Bellefontaine road, contains about 150 acres, worth (.'J f 3J7.' f . Hyde 
Park lies between Salisbury Street, Bremen Avenue, Twelfth and Four- 
teenth Streets. Besides these there are Gravois Park. Curr Square, Wash- 
ington Square, St. Louis Place, &c. 

LESSON VI. 

CARONDELET. 

After whom was Carondelet named ? 

After Baron de Carondelet, Governor- General of New Orleans. 

By what other names has this place been known I 

Prairie Catalan, Louisburg, and Vide Poche. 

Bound Carondelet. 

// is bounded on the north by the township of Central and St. Louis 
City, on lite east by the river, on the south by the Meramec, which separates 
it from Jejfi rson Couutp, and on the west by Bonhomme Township. 

When did the settlement of Carondelet township commenced ? 
When the count// was under Spanish Pule. 

When was it incorporated as a town 

/// 1832. The first brick house was built in 1839. 



PRODUCTIONS. 



"When incorporated as a city ? 

March /, 1851. 

When wan the first parish established in Carondelet and by whom ? 

In 1823, St. Mary and St. Joseph's parish was formed ly the Right Rev- 
erend Bishop Dubourg of the diocese of St. Louis. A small log church 
was put up at the north-east corner of the west half of the block, reserved for 
the church. The first curate was Rev. Jean Audissio. In 1835 Father 
S mlnier replaced the log church by a new and a much larger one. 
What building occupies the block next south of the church? 

The Acadt my and Convent of the sisters of St. Joseph. 
When was this Institution established ? 

in 1837 under the auspices of Bishop Rosafti. 

NOTE. 

Here should bo introduced map exercises, requiring the children to locate the 
following: Fourth street; Washington avenue; the Bridge ; Court-house ; Union 
Depot: Waterworks; the principal Parks; Mississippi River; East St. Louis ; 
[Jrooklyn ; Venice; Arsenal Island; Carondelet; Kirkwood ; mouth of the Mis- 
souri River; Alton; St. Charles ; Ferguson, and Belleville. Pupils should make 
maps to correspond with the required locations. They should also be taught to 
make proper connections between their sketches and their surroundings as given 
in the map of St. Louis. The teacher is the best judge as to the definitions to 
be required. Having located the principal places in and around the city the pu- 
pil should now be taught the state in outline i. e. its boundaries ; relation of the 
Mississippi and Missouri Rivers to the State ^Capital ; Kansas City; Hannibal; 
Ste. Genevieve; Chillicothe; Brookfield; St. Joseph; Sedalia. The use of wall 
maps will teach the child how to locate those places in reference to St Louis 
These exercises 6hould accompany all that follows. 



LESSON VII. 

PRODUCTIONS. 



Who can give me some of the differences between winter and summer ? 
Various answers, such as: Christmas comes in winter, and Fourth of July 
t? summer; toe fish in summer, butwe skate in winter; there is snow in win- 



10 THE CHILD'S GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

(< r, and the grass is green in summer ; the trees are hare in winter, and are 
covered with leaves in summer ; some trees have fruit in summer; we wear 
imrm clothes in, winter, and light cool ones in summer; our windows and 
doors arc left open in .mi miner, but closed to keep out the cold in winter &c. 

Where do trees grow ? 

On the roadside, in our yards, in the woods, &c. Apple trees, pear trees, 
and peach trees grow in our yard. 

Do any trees grow there that do not bear fruit ? 

Y.es, a maple tree, lady-cigar tree and sycamore tree. There is a walnut 
free near our house. 

Who can tell me other trees that they have seen grow ? 

The pecan tree, the persimmon tree, the hickory-nut tree, the elm tree, 
the ash tree, the sycamore tree, &c. 

You distinguish an apple tree from a cherry tree by their fruits, but how do 
you distinguish one shade tree from the other? 

By their size, their shape, and their color ; also by their leaves and bark. 

The Catalpa tree is often called by children the cigar tree who can tell me 
something of it ? 

It has very large leaves, six or seven inches broad . They are shaped like 
a heart, smooth and pale green on the upper side, downy underneath. The 
blossoms hang in clusters are a pure delicate white ; the inner part delicately 
sprinkled with violet spots. They are very beautiful. 

Why is this tree called the cigar tree? 

Because it bears a long bean-like fruit which- resembles a cigar, and this 
fruit remains on the tree during most of the winter. 

There is another tree which bears blossoms very much in the same way as the 
Catalpa, who will name it? 

The Horse-chestnut. 

Tell what you can of this tree. 

Its branches growlow and are drooping. Its outlines are regularly rounded ; 
its surface close and compact. Its leaves are composed of seven leaflets, when 
they first unfold they h a ve a cotton-like down which falls off when they are 
full grown. 



ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREES. 11 



LESSON VIII. 



ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREES. 



Who can describe the Walnut tree? 

The Walnut-tree has a smooth, gray bark ; its leaves are over a foot long .• 
they are composed of six or eight leaflets ending by an odd one. The nuts 
grow on the end of the young shoots, and are covered with a thick bark, 
which rots away. The tree is generally about sixty or seventy feet in, 
//eight and its trunk about three or four feet in diameter. 

Describe the Pecan tree. 

It grows to about the same height as the Walnut-tree. The leaves are ar- 
ranged much as (hose of the walnut. The nuts are contained in a some- 
what four-sided JiusJc ; they are about an inch long; smooth and cylindrical. 

Give ihe qualities of the Hickory tree. 

ft grows to a. height of sixty or eighty feet ; its trunk is of ten fifty or 
sixty feet without branches-; its bark is rough ; leaves composed of leaflets 
'■nding with an odd one. 

What can you say of the Elm tree ? 

Its lea res are three or four inches long, unequal in size, famed on a stalk 
about one inch long; the leaves are oral and the edges are toothed. 

Who can tell us something of the Sassafras tree ? 

The Sassafras tree grows to a height of about forty or fifty feet. Its 
bark has an agreeable smell and taste, and is good to purify the blood; 
its leaves are glassy, deep green, oval, or three lobed. The blossoms are 
yellow and appear in small dusters in May. Its fruit is a small, deep blue 
berry seated on a foot-stalk or cup. 

Who can tell something of the Willow tree ? 

There are sere rat kinds of Willows, from the shrub of three or four inches 
in height, to lofty end /ride spreading trees of fifty or sixty feet. Their 
branches ere slender and flexible. There are the Weeping willow, the White 
willow, the (lot den iritlo/r, the Russel willow and the Profuse flowering willow. 



12 THE CHILD'S GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

Tell something of each of these species. 

The White willow and Russell willow have a pleasing, light green color. 
The Golden willow is remarkable for its bright yellow bark. The Weeping 
willow is graceful, elegant and interesting. 

Why do you say lho weeping willow is graceful f 

Because the drooping branches form in soft flowing lines and move with 
the slightest breeze. It is said to be interesting because of its Scriptural 
and: poetical associations. 

What can you say of the Cypress tree ? 

The Cypress tree was at one time used in cemeteries instead of the Weep- 
ing willow ; but if has since been thought that its gloomy shade, and its 
thick, heavy foliage were not the proper ornaments among the tombs. 



LESSON IX. 



ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREES. 

What kind of tree is used for Christmas tree, and name some varieties ? 

The evergreen. There are many kinds of evergreens ; the Pine tree, the 
Arbor vitae, the Cedar. Balsam, Spruce, <&c. 

You will learn of many varieties of these evergreens when you grow older. 
Now there are two very importaut trees which grow all around us, I mean the 
Oak. and the Maple. Will some one tell me of each of these! 

I have seen the White oak, its leaves are a shining green on top, and the 
other side is pale. They are lobed. The Black Jack has very large leaves, 
broad at the top and, sometimes bristle-pointed; shining above and rusty 
beneath. It reaches a height of twenty-five or thirty feet and is cut down 
for fuel. The Scarlet oak is a. fine large tree. Its leaves are lobed mid some- 
times toothed, bright, green, and shining. In autumn its leaves are scarlet. 
The Red oak has deeply colored leaves, which turn to a dark red before they 

fall, 

That is about all you have been told concerning the Oaks, now who can de- 
scribe the Maple ! 

The Maple is considered the best tree to be planted for shade. It is clear, 
shady and cool, grows rapidly, transplants easily, and produces no suckers. 



FRUIT TEEES. 13 

Now one tree more. The Tulip Tree we spoke of a few days ago. You have all 

.seen it. Will some one tell its qualities? 

It is an American tree, but may be seen in other countries oftener than in 
its own. Its trunk is smooth and finely porportioned ; its leaves are curious- 
ly shaped, smooth and, shining. Its blossoms are lily-like. Its foliage is 
dear, lustrous, dark-green and rich. It of ten grows to the height of one 
h a nd red and thirty feet. 



LESSON X. 

FRUIT TREES. 



Which is the most popular of the fruit trees ? 
The Apple tree. There are many kinds. 

Who can name some other fruits besides the apple whose leaves are arranged 
alternately on thestem, have shiny flowers with five petals, and sire inserted in a 
<\*lvx ! 

The Pear, the quince, the apricot, the peach, the cherry, the plum, the 
strawberry, the raspberry, and the blackberry. 
!)<» you know any beautiful flower whose parts have the same qualities 1 
Yes, the rose. Teacher— Right, and all these fruits we have just nun- 
finned as loell as the rose belong to the Rose family. Yon will learn all 
this in your Science Lesson next year. You have all heard such expressions 
hs, "sweet as a rose" "rosy cheeks," "soft as a rose leaf", and the beautiful 
Hues from Moore: 

•• Hearts open, like the season's rose 
The floweret of a hundred leaves, 
Expanding when the dew-fall flows 
And every leaf its balm receives. " 
We shall think more of the beautiful blossoms of our fruit tree* when we 
know they are related to this favorite flower. 
Mention the trees ou which the blossoms appear before the leaves. 
The Peach tree, the Nectarine, and, the Almond tree. The fruit of the 
peach has a doiony covering while that of the Nectarine is smooth; but both 
have been known to grow on the same tree. 



14 CHILD'S -EOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

On what do currants, gooseberries, blackberries, grapes, beans, hops, and 
pumpkins grow ? 

Currant*, gooseberries, and, blackberries grow on busltes. drapes, beans, 
hops, and pumpkins grow on vines. 

How does a bush compaie Math a tree ? 

A bush is smaller and branches out near to the root. 



LESSON XT 



VINES AND ROSES. 



What is a vine j;nd name some ornamental vines. 

A vine is a woody climbing plant. The long slender stem that trails on the 
ground. The Prairie Rose, the Wisteria, the Japan Honeysuckle, the Med 
and Yellow Trumpet Honeysuckle, the sweet scented- Clematis, and the 
American fry are ornamental vines. 

Who can tell something of each of these ? 

The Prairie Roses are known to almost every one by their many double 
flowers, so double, that they look like pouting buds rather than full-blown 
roses. 

The Wisteria vine bears the most delicate blossoms, of a tint between pearl 
and lilac, each bunch of bloom, shaped like that of a locust tree, but nearly 
a foot long. They hang gracefully from, branches just starting into tender 
green foliage 

The Red and Yellow Trumpet Honeysuckles when planted together and al- 
lowed, to interweave their tranches, present a most novel and beautiful ap- 
pearance ; the delicate straw-color of the flower tubes of the one, contrasts 
pleasingly with those of the deep coral-red, hue of the other. 

The Sweet-scented Clematis is delicate and graceful . Its flowers are broid- 
ered like pale stars over the whole vine in midsummer. 

The Trumpet Creeper is wild and rambling in its habits. It glows in July 
with its thousands of rich clusters, resembling bright goblets. 

The European 1 ry the best of climbers, is perfectly evergreen. The Virginia 
Creeper, or American, Ivy grows more rapidly than the European plant, 
clings in the same way to wood or stone, and makes rich festoons of verdure 



GRASSES. 15 

in summer. 

We have spoken of the Rose in another place, but now we wish to learn thB 
special names of some roses. Who can give them 1 

Bourbon roses are the hardiest and most easily cultivated. They are the 
most U rely in form and color and many of them the richest in fragrance. 
Among these are the pale flesh color, the purplish crimson, the deep rose, the 
cha 1 1 U cable carmine, and the white. 

Perpetual roses are large and fragrant as damask or province roses. Among 
these are the deep rose, eery large, the pale rose, the light crimson, the fine 
deep pink, and the dark crimson. 

China roses are less fragrant but more constantly in bloom and have bright, 
rich colors. There are the pale flesh color rose, bright crimson, pure white 
brilliant crimson, and blush rose. 

Tea Roses are most refined of all roses. There arc the rich deep fawn ; the 
salmon, shaded with rose ; the bright rose, large and fragrant ; the cream 1/ 
ndiite; the glossy bronze, and the beautiful shaded white. 

Mow does the rose rank among floweis ? 

It is the queen of flower 'S, always and forever. Fashion never wearies of 
it though there are other ornaments gayer, riclier, more dazzling and fra- 
grant ; and the foliage of many plants hare lea res more glossy and green: 
yet we all feel " What were life without the rose." 

Mention other flowers that remain in bloom most of the flowering seasons. 

Geraniums, Verbenas, Phlox, Mignonette. Petunias, and the like. 

Name some of the spriug flowers. 

('rocuses, Snow-drops, Mezereums, Hyacinths, Daffodills and Violets. 



LESSON XII. 

UE ASSES. 



We have now learned something of shade trees, fruit trees, bushes, vines and 
flowers. What vegetable growth do we call grasses? 

The different kinds of ordinary grassess together with food plants : Rye, 
oats, Barley, Rice, Wheat, 8 u gar-cane, Indian Corn, Bamboo, and Reeds. 
There are about four thousand species. 



1G child's Geography of st. louis. 

Who can repeat some pretty lines about the ordinary grasses 1 
"Here I come creeping, creeping everywhere ; 
When you're numbered until the dead 
In your still and narrow bed, 
In the happy spring HI come 
And, deck your silent home, 
Creeping silently, creeping everywhere. " 
In the United States alone what is the estimated annual value of the agricul- 
tural products of the cereals ? 

About seven hundred millions of dollars. 
Which U the best season to sow wheat? 
/// autumn. This wheat is harvested the following summer. Winter-wheat 
sown in spring will ripen the same year. 
How did maize receive the name of Indian corn \ 

On the discovery of America, the Indians were found cultivating this 
arain, and as all grains in Europe are called corn, tJic European discover- 
ers named this Indian corn. 
What is Sorghum? 

A genus of tall grasses or canes, of which some species, csj ecially the Hol- 
ms art' largely used in the East as fodder, and have a swettisji juice which 
has been used for the manufacture of sugar. 

LESSON XIII. 

MOSSES AND FERNS. 

You have all seen ferns and moeeep, wheie do they grow best ? 
Ferns thrive best in damp places. 
Who can repeat some lines about the Lady Fern ? 

" Where the copse-wood is the greenest, 
Where the fountain glistens she enest. 
Where the morning dew lies longest 
There the Lady Fern grows strongest." 
What can you say of mosses '' 

Mosses are interesting little evergreens with distinct leaves and often a dis- 
tinct stem. They are fond of moisture, shade, and retirement. They are 



OTHER PRODUCTIONS. 17 

found in the hottest as well as in the coldest climates, amidst hot sands and 
cold snows. "And the cool dews of night on the mountain fern fell, 
And the// (/listened upon the green mosses as well; 
And the fern loved the mountain, the moss loved the moor, 
For the ferns were the rich, and the mosses the poor. 
And thus and forever where'er the ferns grow 
There surely the mosses lie sparkling below ; 
And thus they both Jlourish, where naught grew before, 
And they both deck the woodland, and mountain, and moor." 
T>o foreigners think that we appreciate the vegetable productions of ear country? 
No, foreigners who go through our forests wonder why we should send 
across the ocean for thousands of dollars worth of trees and plants, far 
inferior to those they see before them. 

Name some of our native trees and plants that have won favor throughout 
Europe. 

First our Tulip-tree, the Germans make avenues of it ; second, our Mag- 
nolias are planted with the greatest care and taste in France. Our Native 
Holly is a general favorite ; while the pleasure grounds of England arc 
ornamented with clumps and masses of our Mountain Laurel, our Azaleas, 
mid Rhododendrons. Americans go to England to sec the natural beauties 
of their otcn country. 



LESSON XIV. 

OTHER PRODUCTIONS. 

What can you say of the stock-iaisinjr advantages of Missouri? 
/. Its facility for shipping all kinds of stock; ~\ its growth of blue grass 
tind clover ; 3, the large amount of surplus produce available for wintering 
and stall feeding ; J h the cool temperature of its streams and the great num- 
ber of unfailing springs and wells. 

In what, production is Missouri likely to excel ? 

Missouri is considered the best grape-growing stale in the Union. There 
are 5,000,000 acres of choice vine land in southern 3fissouri alone. 

What can you say of the minerals of our State ? 
Coal-beds embrace over one third of the state. Iron exists in almost every 



Is child's geogeaphy OF ST. LOUIS. 

county in the state, in some sections being of the richest quality and inex- 
haustible. Iron Mountain is the largest exposure and purest body of iron 
known. Lead exists in great quantities through the magnesian lines of the 
rock, slate, and gravel beds of Southern Missouri. The Lead Production 
of Missouri is greater titan that of all the other States of the Union. It 
is principally yielded by two great fields, the one in the south-east and the 
other in the south-ioest portion of the state. The south-eastern lead district 
■includes Jefferson, Washington, Franklin, Crawford, Iron, St. Francois, 
St. Genevieve, Madison, Wayne, Reynolds, and Carter counties ; and the 
south-western district, Jasper, Newton, Lawrence, Stone, Barry, and Mc- 
Donald counties. Cobalt, JMcldc, Zinc, Copper, and Manganese occur tit rough 
the state. The Salt springs in Howard Canity contain about 1,000 grains to 
the gallon. 

NOTE. 

Before beginning Navigation on the Mississippi, the pupils should be required 
to give the United States in outline, that is to bound it ; locate Dominion of Can- 
ada ; Atlantic and Pacific oceans ; Gulf of Mexico. Tell what they know of the 
Rocky Mountains; the Alleghany Mountains; the Great Lakes: the St. Lawrence. 
River. 

Give the situation of Capes Prince of Wales, Charlee, Hatteras, ' S; 1 le and San 
Lucas; Behring and Florida straits, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Hudson Bay and Carri- 
bean Sea. Describe the principal rivers of North America. Reivew situation and 
boundaries of Missouri. Have the pupils trace on the map in their order Iowa, 
Des MoinesRiver, Mississipi River, Illinois, Alton, Mouth of the Missouri River. 
Meramec River, Ohio River, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, St. Francois River, 
Iron Mountain, Big Black River. White River, Ozark Mountain. Indian Territory, 
and Kansas. 

When pupils have become familiar with this tracing, they ghoul J sketch the 
map in the same order. They should do the work themselves, and bear ni mind that 
work in Geography is chiefly in matters of location, form and relation. 

LESSON XV. 

Navigation. 
What boats were used on the Mississippi before the steam boa 



NAVIGATON ON THB MISSISSIPPI. 19 

The fly-boats and barges such as we have now, were the kind of craft mostly 
in use on the Mississippi and its navigable tributaries ; also the bark canoes, 
and Mackinaw boat. 

What was the average time required for a trip from St. Louis to New Orleans..' 

Six mouths. 

What caused this slow progress ? 
■»- The crookedness of the river, its treacherous currents, shoals, and snags. 
& I a one place a circuit of fifty-four miles had to be made for an actual gain. 
of only Jin- niihs. Besides this the dangers of meet lug with river pirates. 

When did the lirst steam-boat land in St. Louis 

Aug. 2, 1817. It was named the Pike and was built by Mr. Prentiss at 
Henderson, Ky. She made two hundred and fifty miles in sixty-seven hours. 
■Sin was earn ma n ded by Copt. Joseph Reed. 

Can you describe this vessel? 

The hull was built on the model of the barge; a cabin was situated on the 
lower deck. It was driven by a low-pressure engine with a walking-beam. The 
inhabitants of the then little village gathered, on the bank to welcome the nov- 
el visitor. Among them were some Indians. The glare of the furnace fires and 
the volumes of murky smoke filled tit e Indians with dismay ; their superstitious 
i magi nations beheld a monster, breath in g flames and, threate/. ing the destruc- 
tion of the red man. 

What boat reached New Orleans from Philadelphia early in 1819 and continued 
her journey to St. Louis? 

"The Maid of Orleans." This boat reached St. Louis May 1. 1819. 

Name the first steam-boat to enter the Missouri. 
I tm The Independence. It sailed from St. Louis, May I. IS 19, reached Frank- 
lin, on the Missouri after a voyage of thirteen days, four days being spent at 
different landings. 

What can you say of the building and repairing of steam-boats at St Louis ? 

This branch of industry originated at a comparatively early period. The 
main railway of St. Louis was in existence July J.J, 7833. 

How did the St. Louis and St. Paul Packet Company originate? 

In the Keokuk Northern Line Packet Company. 

When was this Company incorporated ? 

The St. Louis and St. Paul Packet Company successor of the Keokuk 



20 child's geography OF ST. LOUIS. 

Northern was organized in Jane, 1881, with a capital stock of §> 100,000. 
The company transacts a , ge ner al passenger and freight business between St. 
Paul and St. Louis and owns the following boats: "Gem City," "Eagle" 
"Alexander" "Mitchell," "Minneapolis" "War Eagle" "Northwestern" 
'Belle of Li Crosse" and "Centennial." 

When was the Diamond Jo Line established t 

In 1867, by Joseph Reynolds. Its boats are the Mary Norton, Libbie Conger, 
Diamond Jo, Josephine, and Josie. This line is used principally in the prod- 
uce trade on the upper Mississippi. 

LESSON XVI. 

NAVIGATION ON THE MISSISSIPPI. ( continued) 

What do you know of the St, Louis and Vieksburg- Company ? 

It was organized and chartered in 1859, as the Memphis and St. Louis 
Packet Company. It owns the following steamers : Hen Lewis, J. H. Dickey, 
Platte Valley, J. D. Perry, St. Joseph, Belle of Memphis, City of Cairo. City 
of Vi.cksburg, (/rand Tower, City of Chester, and others. 

When was the New Oilcans Anchor Line organized ? 

/// June, 1878, and incorporated during the same month : it owns the 
City of New Orleans, City of Alton, and J. Scudder. 
What can you say of the St. Louis and New Orleans Packet Company ? 

It teas the successor of the Atlantic and Mississippi Steamship Company, 
teas organized in May, 1869. The following are among some of its boats: 
Olive Branch, Pauline Carroll, and Lady Lee. 

What can you say of the Merchants' Southern Line Packet Company? 

If max established in 1870 ; it connected at Columbus with the Mobile 
and Ohio Railroad ; at Memphis, with the Mississippi and Tennessee Pail- 
road and Memphis and Charleston Railroad and with several other points. 

Mention some other Lines of Packets. 

St. Louis and Omaha Packet Company; the St. Louis and Peoria Packet 
Company; St. Louis, Cincinnati, Huntington, and Pittsburgh Packet Com- 
pany ; the Merchants' St. Louis and Arkansas River Packet Company; and 
the Ouachita River Packets. 

What is the total value of Steam-boats controlled at St. Louis "I 

In 1871, the total vsalue was $5,4:28,800. 



RAILROADS ^1 



LESSON XVIJ. 

HISTORY OF TOE FIRST RAILROAD IN ST. LOUIS. 

Give a short history of the first railroad started in St. Louis. 

At a meeting held June, 1851, the following resolution was passed: That 
the route through Chouteau Pond valley and the valley of the Des Peres to 
the Meramec valley, end up the Meramec valley for a distance of thirty-nine 
in ilen from St.' Louis commencing at Fourteenth street, he adopted as the first 
division of the Pacific Railroad. This having been put uud r contract, the 
first spadeful of earth was removed in the absence of the Cover nor by the 
I hen in a//or of the city, Hon. L. Kennett, on Jul// 4, u.51, in the presence of 
a large and enthusiastic audience. This memorable event t< < k place on the 
south bank of Chouteau pond. 

When was ihe road opened to Jefferson City .' 

November 1, 1855. 
Give a brief account of the Gasconade Bridge disaster. 

Nov. 1, 1855, the train, consisting of fourteen passenger a rs, started from 
Seventh Street depot, St. Louis. It had rained heavily the idght before, yet 
Hi" traiii proceeded in safety until the Gasconade River mas readied. The 
bridge across this stream gave way, and ten of the cars fell a distance of twen- 
ty-five or thirty feet. The engine reversed its position, wheels upward. 
Some of the cars plunged on those beneath them with their ponderous wheels, 
and crushed or maimed the unfortunate persons l>< low. Only one, the extreme 
car, maintained its position on the rail. To add to the horror of the scene a 
storm of lightning, thunder, and rain, of the severest description arose. 



: > LESSON XVI I r. 

Missouri Pacific or Southwestern. 

When was the great Pacific Railroad across the Continent completed ? 
May 10, 1869. 

Of what does the Missouri Pacific, or Southwestern system consist? 
It consists of the Missouri Pacific, the Iron Mountain, the Texas Dim 



22 CHILD'S QKOGRArUY OF ST. LOUIS. 

Hon of the Missouri Pacific, the Texas and Pacific, the international and 
(treat Northern Railroads covering Jive thousand nine hundred and forty 
lour miles of railways directly in the interest of St. Louis. The region drained 
by this system covers the whole country from the Mexican portion to the 
Mississippi, from Omaha to the Gulf. JSew Lines are being built in many 
part* of the Southwest. The Fort Worth and, Denver Road belong to this 
system. It is a part of the Gould system which embraces in addition to the 
ioads already named the Wabash. St. Louis and Pacific Railroad, system 
both east and west of the river. It is understood that the true interests of 
(his vast system will be to make St. Louis its grand centre. All the General 
Offices are in St. Louis. The Iron Mountain Road runs from St. Louis to 
Texarkana on the border between Arkansas and Tixas. From Bismarck Mis- 
souri a branch leads to Belmont on the Mississippi at which point connection 
is made with the system of roads east of the Mississippi River. The Atlan- 
tic and Pacific teas chartered July 27, 1866, was duly organized in October. 
The St. Louis and San Francisco Railway Company is the successor of the 
southwest branch of the Missouri Pacific. 

When did the first passenger train pass through Benton and W ashtagtoti Coun- 
ties, Arkansas ? 

June 8, 1881. This opened the most fertile portion of Arkai sasto St. Louis. 



LESSON XIX. 

RAILROADS. ( CONTINUED ) 

What can you say of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad t 

It is one of the earliest enterprises in Missouri, was chartered February 16, 
1847, and ground was broken in Hannibal early in November, 1851. 

How far was the Hannibal Line completed in 1859 9 

To St. Joseph. 

When was the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Company formed ! 

May 6, 1874, by consolidating the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railway 
Company, the Arkansas Bnnu'h of the same, the Cairo Arkansas and Texas 
Railroad Company, and the Cairo and Fulton Railroad Company. The 
through line was opened in /811,. 



RA1LE0ADS. 



2,1 



What induced the enterprising men of St Louie to run a railway in this direction) 

The mineral deposits of Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob. 

When was the Texas and Pacific Railway Company organized T 

Under an Act of Congress, March 3 % 187 7, and the general railroad, lawn 
of Texas. 

Giva date of the incorporation of the Missouri. Kansas and Texas Railroad. 

On the 20th of September, 1865, the Union Pacific Railroad. Company \ 
Southern Branch, was incorporated for the construction of a railroad 180 
utiles long from Junction City. When the road was completed as far as 
Emporia, it passed into the hands of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Rail- 
way Company which was organized, April 7, 1870. 

Tell what you car. of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, 

It was incorporated by the state of Indiana, February IJ+, i 8 1^.8, by a char- 
ter authorizing the construction of a railroad from Cincinnati to *SY. Louis 
via Vincennes. This road is the great highway of commerce and travel be- 
tween the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi Biter. 

What can you say of the Vandalia Line! 

It is one of the most important lines of the vast net-work of the Penn- 
sylvania Company which was chartered by the legislature of Pennsylvania, 
April 7, 1870, for the purpose of managing in the interest of the Pennsyl- 
vania Company the railroads leased and controlled by it west <f Pennsylvania. 

Give the extent of this line. 

It stretches one hundred and sixty-seven miles across Illinois and Indiana. 
Its General Offices are nearly all located in St. Louis. 



LBSSON XX. 

RAILROAD!*. (CONCLUDED) 

What can you say of the Chicago and Alton! 

The Chicago and, Alton main line extends to Chicago, making connections 
there with the great number of roads running to the north and east. It is 
five hundred and sixty-seven miles long. 

What can you say of the St. Louis Division of the Chicago, Burlington and 
Quincy Line ! 



24 child's GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

The St. Louis division was opened up in 1877. Previous to this the Bur- 
lington had no line of its own into St. Louis. 

How does the St. Louis Division reach points in. the northwest ? 
.By connecting ipUh the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern, and 
Minneapolis and St. Paul Roads. The south end. of the St. Louis Division, 
of the Burlington passes through a rich wheat country north of Vermont. 
III. The corn country along the line is reached and extends on through Illi- 
nois and Iowa, and in that section are also the great dairy farms of the 
/rest. This road brings over four million pounds of latter to St. Louis in its 
refrigerator cars. The business both in and out of St. Louis is rapidly in- 
creasing. 

When was the Texas and St.. Louis Railway Company organized ? 

On the J/th of April, 1S79. The road is known as the u Cotton, Belt", route. 
omd is a most important addition to the railroad interests of Si . Lou is. 

Mention some of the other railroads centered in St. Louis. 

Indianapolis and St. Louis Railroad; and the St. Louis, Alton and Terra : 
Haute Railroad ; Louisville and Nashville Railroad ; St. Louis and ('aire 
Railroad ; Toledo, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railroad ; West End Narroir- 
<-Uiug< Radlway ; Bast St. Louis and Carondelet Railway, and the Tunnel 
Railroad of St. Louis. 

What can you say of the Union Depot ? 

It is on the south side of Poplar Street, between Ninth and Twelfth, and 
is thr central point at which converge, the railroads entering St. Louis. It 
is built of brick and stone, and was erected by a company organized on the 
10th of June, 1871. 

When was the St. Louis Union Depot Company chartered ? 

On the -9th of May 187 1^. 

When was the first omnibus of St. Louis mauufactuie placed on the Market 
Street and Carondelet Avenue Line ? 

September 17, iS.'f. 



STKEr.T CARS, 



LESSON XXI. 

STREET OARS. 

Which was the first Street Car Corporation in St. Louis f 

Tin- first Street Car Corporation in St. Louis was the Missouri Railroad 
Company, and the first car was run on the 4th of July. 1859, the driver 
being the president of the company, Hon. Erastus Wells. 

When was the Missouri Railroad Company organized f 

May 10, 1859. It was organized by an act of the Legislature of Missouri. 
dattul Dec. 13, 1855, and by an order of the City Council. May 6. 185,9. 

VVkien was the St. Louis Railroad Company organized ? 

Feb. I, 1859, and, was incorporated March %4-, 1859. 

When did the cais commence running on this line aud give its extent and direct- 
ion. 

/// 1859. The total length of the company's track is seven and one-half 
miles; the line of route being from the old city limits on the north, to the 
Wild Hunter's on the south, by way of Belief ontaine road, Broadway, 
Fifth and Seventh Streets, and Crondalet Avenue. 

Wheu was the Citizen's Railway Company organized f 

In JS59, and cars commenced, running during that year. 

When was the present organization chartered * 

In July, 1S74-. The track was laid on Franklin Avenue and Morgan 
Street, from Fourth to Garrison Avenue. In 1864 the company extended 
the line from Garrison Avenue to Prairie Avenue along Easton Avenue, also 
from Easton Avenue along Grand Avenue, to the Fair-grounds, another 
extension was made in 1881 from Prairie Avenue, along St. Charles rock 
road to Renkelville, and along Papen Avenue to the National Bridge road 
and King's Highway. The total length of the Company 's lines, with ex- 
tensions, is fourteen miles of single track. 

Wheu was the Union Depot R. R. Company constructed ! 

In 1862 from the corner of Fourth and Pine Streets, west to Gravois road 
a distance of three and one-half miles. The route at present is Gravois Branch 
( Yellow Cars) from Fourth Street, corner of Pine, on Ninth; Gravois road 
to Jefferson Avenue with extension to Tower Grove Park. Lafayette Branch 



26 child's GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS, 

( blue cars ) run the same to Park Avenue thence north to State, Carroll, 
Linn and Lafayette, to Lafayette Park. This was formerly known as the 
Qravois Hallway. 

Where are the general offices and Btables located ? 

On the corner of Gravois road and Jefferson Avenue. 



LESSON XXII. 

STREET CAR8. (CONTINUED) 

What can yon say of the Benton-Bellefontaine Railroad Compai y ? 
The construction of this road was begun in 1864, completed in 1866. The 
lines extend from Third Street and Washington Avenue, by way of Wash- 
ington Avenue, Tenth and Eleventh Streets, to the Water liwer, the length 
being seven miles, single track. 

When was the Lindell Railway Company chartered ? 

Feb. '26, 186 4. The road was begun Oct. 1864 ; cars commenced running 
on Washington Avenue, March, 1867, and on Fourteenth Street line, May 
12, 1867. 
Give the extent of the route. 

It extends from Third and Washington to Ware and Lucas Art nuts, 
along Lucas Avenue to Grand Avenue, north on Grand Avenue to Delmar 
Avenue, west on Delmar Avenue to Vandeventer Avenue, thence north on 
Vandeventer Avenue to Finney Avenue, east on Finney to Grand Avenue, 
thence south on Grand Avenue to Morgan, connecting with blue cars to 
Summit Avenue, by way of Fourteenth Street and Chouteau Avenue. The 
offices and stables are located at No. 2305 Washington Avenue. 
When was the Union Railway Company chartered, and give its extent. 
It was chartered July 29, 1865. During this year the road, was constructed 
from the corner of Fourth and Locust Streets west to Hyde Park. In 1875 
the lines ivere extended from Hyde Park to the Fair Grounds, and at pres- 
ent their entire length is eight miles of single track. 

When was the Tower Gro\o md Lafayette Railway Company Chartered " 
March W, 1866. It was constructed and- put in operation during 1866 over 
Second and, Third Streets, from the corner of Fourth and Morgan to Anna 
Street, the whole length being six miles of track. 
By what principal buildings does the Mound City Line pass f 



TRADE, COMMBSCI AND MANUFACTURES 27 

The Mound City 1 Arte passes by the new post-office and government build- 
ing, Pope's Theatre, St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis University. St. Louix 
Place Park, LmdeU Park, Base-ball Park, Fair-grounds, and Zoological 
Garden. 

When was the S^ath 8t. Louis Railroad Company incorporated ! 

In April, 187$. 

Give the extent of the route. 

It extends north from the stables along Main Street, Carondelet road, 
and Jefferson Arenue, east on Pestalozzi Street, north along Eighth and 
Decatur Street*, mst on Lafayette to Pulton, north to Hickory, east to Fifth, 
north to Market, returning same to Pestalozzi, south on> Eighth to Arsenal, 
thence west to Jefferson Avenue and south to the stables, which are located 
on the north side of Dams, near Main Street. The general office is at the 
corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets. 



LESSON xxnr. 

TRADE, COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES. 



What does the term, production, include I 

Agriculture, 'mining, and forestry. 

What does exchange include ? 

Banking and transportation, capital and credit. 

What can you say of the natural advantages of St. Louis as a centre of produce ? 

They are in part the result of the co-operation of soil and climate with 
intelligent labor ; in part from the richness of the mineral products of the 
state which are poured, into St. Louis. Besides this St. Louis combines more of 
the advantages of site and location than any other interior city in tike world. 
Capital, labor, an el talent are the three forces which have worked together 
to promote the growth, and expand the trade of St. Louis. 

Name some of the principal manufactures of St. Louis. 

The Cotton manufactures ; the Hemp, Bagging and Tow manufacture ; 
Bread, and. Crackers. The manufacture of White Lead emd Qils, and be- 
cause of its richness in the controlling mineral it is called the "City of the 
Iron Crown. 1 ' 
Name some of the rich deposits of Iroa near St. Louis. 
Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob. Shepherd Mountain, and Simmon* Mountain. 



CHILD S GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUI^. 

How earl,) was the manufacture of Iron known in St. Louis f 

As early as September, 18 H, D. Steward manufactured all kinds of cut 

nails, brads, and springs. The establishment of iron foundries in St. Louis 

n»ay be regarded as having been begun in 1817. 

What has the Stale geologist of Missouri said of the Iron fields of this state/ 
"If Missouri will work up her iron and coal she may become as powerful 

and rich as England. She has more territory , better soil, more and. better 

room, and quite as much coal." 



LESSON XXIV. 

IRON MANUFACTURES. 

DeRerioe Irota Mountain. 

It is two hundred feet high and covers an area of Jive hundred acres, and 
is made up almost entirely of this ore in its purest form. The quantity 
above the surface of the valley is estimated at two hundred million tons. 

In what condition is this ore found ? 

From the size of a few ounces, to tliose of two or three hundred pounds 
■in weight. 

To whom does Tron Mountain belong ? 

Messrs. Chouteau, Harrison, and Valle. 

What other remarkable formation about seven miles furlher from St. Louis T 

Pilot Knob. 

To whom does Pilot Knob belong ? 

It was the property of Mr. Louis V. Bogy and others incorporated as the 
" Madison Iron-mining Company. " They own some °25,000 acres of land, in- 
eluding the Knob, the Shepherd, mountain, and eight other valuable iron de- 
posits, all in the same vicinity in Iron County, about eighty-eight miles south 
of St. Louis, on the line of the Iron Mountain Railroad. 

Is the iron deposited in these different places of the same nature, and used for 
like purposes ? 

No, each produces iron adapted, to various purposes, and that found at Iron 
Mountain is in some particulars different from the deposits of the other pla- 
ces. Iron Mountain ore is a hematite. Pilot Knob is blue specular. Shepherd 
Mountain is to some extent magnetic. 



MANUFACTURE OF MINERALS. ?D 

What is the estimated yearly products of the iron manufactures of £t. Louie/ 

It is .supposed to average £'J, 000, 000. 

Give the number of iron-works in St. Louis find name some of ihe oldest. 

There are thirty iron works, the J/'re oldest being Mississippi Foundry, 
Getty, McCune and Co., Broadway Foundry, of Kingsland and, Cuddy, 
Eagle Foundry of Clark, Renfrew d; Co., Empire xto^e- Works of Bridge & 
Bros., and Excelsior Stove- Works of Giles F. Filley. 

How many working-men do the thirty iron works of St. Louis employ f 

Nearly JJOO, and their yearly wages amount to $6,000,000. 

With what difficulty did the Iron furnace business meet ? 

The character of the coal. Big muddy coal is now used. 



LESSON XXV. 

MANUFACTURE OF OTHER MINERALS. 

Mention some of the other minerals of Missouri. 

Zinc, ochre, uranium, manganese, cobalt, red chalk, and china clay. 

What can you say of the manufacture of paints in St. Louis t 

This manufacture employs thirteen establishments and 60S hands. 

What can you say of the establishments of bth k, glass, lime, u ; rble, stone f 

There are ifi establishments of brick ; o. of glass ; J i% of Una ; 56, of marble 
and stone work y 5, of store and earthenware. 

What can you say of the glass-works of St. Louis ? 

The purest and whitest sand for the manufacture of flint glass is found in 
great quantities but a short distance from St. Louis, < n the Mississippi Birer 
both above and below. Here is the best lead market, both for the mines of. Ill- 
inois and Missouri, and by the extension of our railroads to the West and 
South, this latter supply is to be immensely increased while pot and pearl- 
ash can be obtained either from the Ohio, the lakes, or the upper Mississippi, 
from the asheries of Iowa and Wisconsin. These fire the principal elements 
of the manufacture of glass. 

What can you say of the fire-brick and potteryof St. Louis * 
The first record of the manufacture ofpotttry in St. Louis is dated April 
W, 1816. 



30 child's geography OF ST. LOUIS. 



LESSON XXVI. 

LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL BUSINESS PLACES. 

At about what date did business begin to be classified in St. Louis ? 

About 18 "19, there were separate dealers in groceries, dry-goods^ and hard- 
ware, although many houses continued to deal in mixed merchandise. From 
this mixed, begining the dry-goods trade of St. Louis sprang. 

When was the wholesale and retail dry-goods house of William Barr & Co. estab- 
lished and give the present quarters of this firm. 

In 1849. They occupy a handsome and imposing structure located on Sixth, 
extending from Olive to Locust. 

.Mention another long-estaolisbed firm in dry-goods trade. 

Samuel C. Davis & Co. This structure is built in the Italian style of arch- 
itecture, and spacious and, imposing in appearance ; has a frontal of one 
hundred and seventy -jive feet on Fifth Street by one hundred and twenty -five 
feet on Washington Avenue, ana I contains six floors. 

Locate t be ware-house of Scruggs, Vandervoori, & Barney. 

]$1 — 425 North Fourth Street. 

What important dry-goods establishment is situated at the southeast corner of 
Eighth Street and Washington Avenue/ 

That of Crow, Hargadine, & Co. 

What can you say of the firm Dodd. Brown, & Co. ? 

It is an immense building Jive stories in height with a basement, and covers 
about 60,000 square feet. It is situated at the northeast corner of Fifth and 
St. Charles Streets. 

About how many firms are engaged in the wholesale clothing trade ? 

There were sixteen in 1818 ; one of the most important being F. W. Humphrey 
&Co., northeast corner Fifth and Pine Streets. 

What can you say of the Provision Trade of St. Louis ' 

The provision trade, including buildings public and private, represents 
about $12,000,000. 

Which is the oldest jewelry firm in St. Louis ! 

E. Jaccard Jewelry Company on the northeast corner of Fifth and Olive 



FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. *l 

Streets. Ft is built of Athens marble, is Jive stories in height audits arciii- 
tecturc is graceful and imposing. 

hi t:in yon say of the wood and willow-war* of St. Louis? 

hi the manufacture of wooden-ware proper, pine and oak are chiefly used. 
One of the largest establishments supplies the West with water buckets and 
like articles. 

Give a remark:. hit' feature of trade in our city. 

The manufacture of brooms by machinery. The only one of the kind in the 
world. It consumes or .'/{discs more broom-ccm than all (In- bream factories 
in Ihr west. 

How many brooms does i: make daily \ 

About 600 dozen. 

How raauv furniiure houses in Si. Louis ? 

Tn 1881, there were twenty-two houses engaged in the furniiure trade. 

LESSON XXVII. 

F1EE, MAEINK AND LIFE INSURAllCK. 

Previous to the settlement of St. Loin's by white f-ettlers, wha: currency was in 
use among the Indians 

Dark purple and white heads called wampumpeag or wampum. Thepurple 
beads had twice the value of the /chile. Wampum was used in strings and 
valued according to measure. 

Wliat can you say of the silver coin first used ! 

It was usually in the shape of Spanish milled dollars and was inconvenient 
for small change. Sometimes it was cut into pieces /worth twenty-fine cents 
each, and twelve and a half cents each, and was- nicknamed " sharpsk ins." 
Smalh r sums were givt n out by store -keepers in pins, needles, writing paper. 

When was the Bank of St. Louis first opened for business f 

la September, 1816. 

When were shinplasters issued in St. Lt uis f 

September .'!). 1872. 

Of how many denominations were the notes".? 

Of three. One dollar, two dollars, and three dollars. 

Name some of the Banks now open in St. Louis. 

Bank <>/ Commerce, Boatmen's Savings bank, Commercial. Franklin. Qer- 



32 CniLD'S GEOGEAPHY OF t«T. LOUIS. 

man American, German Savings, International, Laclede, State Savings, Prov- 
ident Savings, Tenth- Ward Savings, Union Savings, Merchant National, 
Valley National, Third, National, Fourth National, St. Lou is National, and 

Citizens. 

Name some or tbe hotels of St. Louis. 

Beaumont, Commercial, Hotd Barnum, City, Belvedere, Motet Hunt, Ho- 
tel Moser, HursVs, Koettcr's, Laclede, Lafayette, Parks, Lindell, Planter's, 
St. James, The Southern, Western, Winchor, Everett House, and Grand 
Pacific. 

Name some of the express companies. 

United States Express, St. Louis Transfer Co., and Adams Express Co. 



LESSON XXVIII. 

INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

When was tbe first effort made to organize a home Insurance Company ? 

In 1831. 
Mention names of the Insurance Companies. 

The Citizen's Insurance Company located, at the corner of Third and Chest - 
'nu I -Streets, has had, a flourishing career of more than forty-five years dura- 
tion. It transacts a general fire insurance business, which is principally local, 
being confined, almost exclusively to St. Louis County. 

The St. Louis Mutual Fire Insurance Company was organized on Feb. °22, 
1821, under the name of St. Louis Mutual Fire and Marine Insurance Com- 
pany of St. Louis. The office is situated at the southeast corner of Seventh 
and Locust Streets. 

The Mound City Fire Insurance Company is one of the most important 
companies in St. Louis. The general offices are located at the southwest cor- 
ner of Sixth and, Olive Streets. 

The Washington Fire Insurance Company was chartered on Nov. 23, 1857, 
■under the name of the Washington Mutual Fire Insurance Company. The 
office is situated at the corner of Market and Second streets. 

The. Franklin Insurance Company is one of the most successful institu- 
tions of its kind in the west. Its office is at No. 1^00 North Third, Street. 



TBLBGBAPH AND MAIL MESSAGE*. ,'M 



LESSON XXIX. 

Telegraph and Mail Message*. 

When was the first telegraph message received at St. Louis ? 

The President's message del leered to Congress Dec. 6\ 18Jfi, was transmitted 
from Philadelphia to Vincennes : thence by "pony express'' to St. Louis. 
The "Republican" teas the only paper in St. Louis to receive the message. 

What great news did the Republican of Dec. 20, 1847 announce ? 

That the most extraordinay undertaking of the age. the completion of a 
line of communication by magnetic telegraph from the Atlantic < ities to the 
east bo ak of the Mississippi had been accomplished. 

Where was Ihe first office established ? 

In q house in the upper end of east St. Louis, and messages were transmitted 
the arc to Eastern points. 

When did the regular operation of the line commence ' 

On the Villi of December, 1847, the Republican announced that in a day or 
two it would begin the publication of all important en nts in the East, almost 
to the eery moment of putting the paper to press. 

What ca.u > nn ?ay <>f the mail facilities of St. Louis and Carondelet. at the time 
of the transferring of Lonsiana to the United Stales t 

A weekly pair of saddle-bags fiom 11. e East, that had run the guantlet of 
I lie I 'ndia a tribes of the JSj0rthwest, brought New Yorlc and Philadelphia let- 
ters, from ortp to six months old. 

After the transferring of Louisiana, what improvement was made/ 

When, the transfer to the United States had been effected the new govern- 
ment at once proceeded to establish a regular mail sere ice for St. Louis and 
other imyorta nf points, and post-offices were then established at St. Louis. 
St. Charles and Ste. Genevieve. 

At this time how long did i take the mail to reach Philadelpiha from St. Louis/ 

Six weeks. 

What was i In' most rapid transit prior -o the introduction of railroads / 

By stage, from St. J.ouis to Philadelphia, taking ten days. 

Who wasthfti first postmaster at St. Louis and wl en was he appointed'? 



34 child's geography of ST. LOUIS. 

Col. Rufus Eetston, who was appointed January 1, 1805. 

When did the first overland mail from California, arrive in St. Louis ? 

Oct. 10. 1858, and the occasion was celebrated by a demonstration in honor 
of Mr. Butterfield who had been mainly instrumental in putting it into suc- 
cessful operation. 

Where was the first post-office situated * 

On the southeast corner of Second and Chestnut Streets. 

Give the present location. 

Corner of Eight, Ninth, and, Olive Streets. 

Give about the annual cash receipts from sale of stamps. 

•v 730,539. 

What can you say of the delivery of letters for the year 1881? 

Those deli erred at general delivery were 18^,^65 ; letters delivered at daily 
call, 81,514 »' rnall letters delivered by carriers, 13,119,987 ; mail postal cards 
delivered by carrier:;, 3,800,986 ; drop letters delivered by carriers. 5,366,855 ; 
/elters and postal cards delivered from boxes, 1,828,375. 

When did the Legislature of Missouri grant a charter to the St. Louis Gas-light 
Company ? 

In 1837. 

When did the City propose to purchase the gas- works ? 

January 1, 1870. 

Were they successful 

No, on Dec. 84, 1879, Mr. Newman, under an order of the court, delivered 
the entire ■property of the company to 11. J. Lackland, its president . 

When was the Laclede Gas-light Company chartered f 

Under an act of the Legislature in 1858, and re-organized in 1871. The works. 
situated on Main, between Mullanphy and, Mound, Streets, were erected in 
the following year and gas icas first applied in June of the same year. 

LESSON XXX. 

PRINCIPAL HOTELS. 

Describe the Lindell Hotel. 

if is situated on the corner of Washington Avenue, Sixth Street and Lucas 
A re 11 ne. The principal front is on Washington Avenue, with, a frontage of 
188 feet and a depth of 870 to Christy Avenue. The height of the building 



DISCOVB*Y OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 35 

is 106 feet and the architecture is Italian. The first story is constructed of 
iron, the Jive upper stories of the facades on Washington Avenue and Sixth 
Strei ' are composed of Warrensourg gray sand stone. 

What can you say of the Pacific Hotel 

ft was- completed in Jan. 1857, located at the corner of Poplar and Seventh 
streets three stories high and, a front on Seventh street of SO feet. 

When was the first Southern Hotel destroyed ? 
Early on the morning of April 11, 1877. 



LESSON XXXI. 
Discovery of the Mississippi. 

Whew was Laclede's trading post upon the present site of St. Louis established? 
In 1764,, eleven years previous to the Ame^can Revolution. 

When was St. Louis mimittft d into-the Union ? /4m^<^W&^ fy 

In 7803, it did not fairly begin to grow ur.til 1818. It was no more th<m a 
frontier trailing place when it was incorporated as a city in 1882. 

Who governed St. Louis at the opening of the Nineteenth Century ? 

The Spaniards. They had discovered ihe Mississippi in the third decade 
of the 15th Century. 

Which are the two American cities that lave owned the French and Spanish 
sway before yielding allegiance to ihe Constitution of the Ui i'ed States ? 

St. Louis and New Orleans. New Orleans continues French, lut St. Louis 
has become throughly Americanized. 

Can you give an extiact from the Journal of Father Marquette dated Mpy 17, 367c.' 

"On this d iy me started for the Mission of St. Ignace. Above all I put our 
voyage under the protection of the Blessed Virgin Immaculate, promising 
her that ifsht did as the grace of discovering the great river, I would give 
of Conception ; and that J would also give that name to the first 
■missions which 1 should establish among these new nations, as [had actu- 
ally done among the Illinois. " 

Give a short history of Marquette. 

He was Ian- a in Loon, France, in 1637, altered Jesuit's school at the age 

of seventeen, and in mac was sent as a missionary to Canada. In 1669 he 

was sent to the Ottawa Indians, to replace Allouez ; his leading ambition 

■ to have a mission among the Illinois Indians and to discover the Mis- 



2K> child's gbography OF 8T. LOUIS. 

sissippi d ltd for this lie prayed. He thirsted for martyrdom. On his return 
from exploring the great Mississippi, he was broken down in health ; recov- 
ering partially he engaged again in arduous labors until finally on his way 
from old Kaskaskia on the Illinois river, to his fctmcr station at Mackinaw 
he expired on the eastern shore of Lake MicJtigi v.. j^oy. )8, i675. 

Two years of ter his death, his Ottowa Indians passing that way, took 
up his bod;/, cleaned his bones, and, placing them, in a hex of bark, conveyed 
them to Point St. Ignace, where they were with solemn, rite deposited in a lit- 
tle vault in the middle of the church. This edifice was burned, down in 1700 
and, in time all trace of the site and of Marquette" s tomb was lost, till, in 188..' 
Rev. Edward Jacler discovered and identified loth. . The remnants of the 
box and some fragments of bones were 'piously gathered, to be placed under 
a monument in his ho, tor. 



LESSON xxxn. 

Short account of Father Marquette. 

Give an ex'raet from Marquette's Journal speaking- of his feelings onseeingthe 
great river for which he searched. 

The party reached the bluff s of Prairie du Chicn, June 17, 1673, -and" 
[MarquHtes words) "safely entered the Mississippi with a joy I cannot express. 
The current of the river is slow and gentle; it is in matey places studded with 
islands ; on sounding, wehave found ten fathoms of water ; its breadth is very 
unequal, sometimes three quarters of a league, sometimes only .:..''> yards. We 
(fladly f>]]<>w its course which bears south and south-east till the' forty-second 
degree.. Here we perceive the whole face is changed,; there is now almost no 
mountain or wood, the islands are more beautiful, the trees are finer. 
When did the two explorers see foot-prints of men* 

On June 25th, they had arrived at a Tillage of the Illinois Indians. 
Can you repeat ihe welcome given by the sachem to Marquette and his com- 
panions ? 

w -/A>"' beautiful is the sun, Frenchmen, when thou comest to visit us. All 
our town awaits thee, thou shall enter all our cabins in peace" 
What .lid Marquette call the Missouri river ? 
Pekitanoui or muddy river. 



LAST REMARKS ABOUT TNI KIVSB. ZT 



How far did they descend the river? 

To the mouth of the Arkansas. Here they seen red proof that the river flowed 
into the Gulf of Mexico, and not. as they hod supposed, into the Atlantic 
or the Gulf of California. 

I>*»s<-ribe their return voyage. 

They turned the prows- of their canoes up the river, retraced their course 
until they reached the mouth of the Illinois river ; by it and the port aye and 
Chicago river they reached Lake Michigan, passing the Indian town ofKas- 
kaskha 7 miles from the town of O/tiwa, Illinois. 

When did tin y reach Green Bay? 

At the end of September, being away four months and having paddled their 
canoes over V.oOO miles. 

How were Marquette's journnl and map of this journey treated? 

Father Dablon, the superior of Father Marquette, forwarded them to Tron- 
tenac. who sent them to Europe. The French government did not publish the 
accounts ; but a copy of Marquette's "Relation" was preserved in the archives 
of th " Jesuit College in Quebec. 

v \'h*t can you say of the Mississippi Valley * 

In variety, extent, and utility of productions, the Mississippi exceeds all 
other rivers. It is the only rreer which spans any of 17 e continents from 
north to south. As has been beautifully said " Thehiod waters of the Mississ- 
ippi ore cooled by the trickling rills and the clear lakes (h noting the beds of 
aticifn-t glaciers, is invigorated by the strength of the temperate zone, and 
Us In '• ii y. impetuous feet are bathed in the warmth of the tropics. The pine 
dud the hemlock crown its head, the oak and walnut shade its body, and it 
rests amid the regions of the cypress and palm. " 

H*w <loes the s»me amhor compare the Mississippi to a tree " 

Th' I if we should conceive the river under the image of a tree, rooted in the 
Oulfff Mexico, we should find our great city at the most convenient and eli- 
gible point to the great branches which unite to make the trunk stream, the 
Missouri, Upper Mississippi and the Ohio. 

What is now claimed as Ihe Fonntain-llend of the Mississippi 

The newly -found source of the Mississippi is a sparkling little lake situa- 
ted north of Lake Itasca. 



38 child's GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

It nestles among the pines of an unfrequented and wild, region of Minne- 
sota, utany miles from the -nearest white settlement, and just on the dividing 
ridge which forms the great water-shed of J\ orth America. Within a few miles 
of it can be found lakes and streams whose waters are tributary to the Bed 
River of the North and the Yellowstone, thus reaching t lie sra thousands of 
miles from the mouth of the mighty Mississippi, which jlcusina trickling 
brook from Lake Glazier. This lake, discovered lobe the true .source of tht 
greatest river in North America by Willard Glazier, on the %°2d of July, 1881. 
i:-: about a mile and a half in greatest diameter, and would be nearly round 
■in shape but for a single promontory, whose rocky shores give it, in outline, 
the shape of a heart. 

LESSON XXXIII. 
Foundation of St. Louis. 

V\ hat led Laclede to establish a fur-trading- post on the present site of our city? 

ttecuu.se of its fitness for healthful residence and matchless facilities 
of com m ercial exchange. 

What did Laclede say of the site on his return 

lit told the commandant that he had found a situation where he intended 
to establish a settlement which might become Ian after one of I he finest cities 
in America. 

What can you say of the situation of St. Louis as regards mineral productions? 

It is on the western edge of the Illinois coal-beds, upon the eastern edge of 
the Missouri coal-beds, it is near two great deposits of lead and the largest 
masses of iron ore in the world are convenient to its furnaces and its found- 
ries. 

hi leaving New Orleans where did Laclede intend stopping on his way Korth ? 

At Ste. Genevieve, it being the only settle ment at that time {Aug. 1763) on 
the west bank of the river. 

WI13 did he not carry his intentions into execution ? 

Because there was no room in which to store his goods for the winter, the 
village, being two miles back from the river. 

How far north did ie explore the country during the winter he remained at Fort 
Oh art re* t 

He went on horseback to Cahokia the uppermost village <uid settlement. 



CLIMATE OF ST. LOUIS. 3i) 

frosted to the icest side and explored as far as the mouth of the Missouri, 
in irked the spot for his trading post by marking the trees. To this place ha 
■soU August* Chateau, Feb. 15, 1764-. 

Laclede remained in the youthful village of St. Louis fourteen years, 
r< turned for a short time to New Orleans, and though very sick, set out again 
for St. Louis, and died on the wag within one day's march of the post of the 
. I rkansas. He icas supp>osed to be fifty-four years of age at his death. 

What can you say <>i ms young companion Anguste Clu.uteau ? 

He was born in New Orleans Aug. 14, 1750. Laclede est \emed. him as an 
unusually clever lad ivitJi great business capacity. He became eventually 
Laclede's successor. 

What Indians dunned to be owners of the ground on which St. Louis now stands " 

The Illinois Indians ; but they did not disturb the French settlers nor did 
they demand any remuneration for their land. 

By whom was the first cellar in £t Louis dug ? 

By squaws belonging to the Missouri Warriors who came to pay the white 
set tiers a visit. 



LESSOR XXXIV. 

Climate, Vegetation, and Animated Nature. 

What can you say of the climate of St. Louis? 

The climate does not correspond with that of the same latitude on the sea- 
roast. Our spring seasons are usually wet ; our summers dry. Our autumns 
ore delightful though frost appears sometimes in October and November, of- 
ten bringing very cold weather. Our winters are seldom stvere, temperature 
averages about $8 or JO degrees. Snow falls at various depths but soon dis- 
appears. 

The nights of summer of ten feel as the days though often the thermome- 
ter falls 28 degrees after sunset. Dew is rapidly distilled. The night air 
is humid. Fogs are not continual nor even frequent. 

The commonest diseases of the country are billions and remittent. Ague 
:>ud fever prevail in the low grounds. 
Give The time of flowering of some of our fruits. 

Peach's blossom from March 17 to April 1 ; cherries, from March 30 to April 
5 : plu its the same ; early apples, April 5 to 75 ; pears and gooseberries, the 



40 child's GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

same strawberries upon May 12 ; raspberries, currants, and cherries June If 
blackberries, plums, Siberian, crabs, July 17th. 

Daring what months do we sow vegetable seeds? 

Salad and' cabbage seeds tee sow under glass in January; carrots, parsnips, 
in /'(binary. Irish potatoes for early crops, raddishes, lettuce, onions and 
early peasinopen ground the taller part of February or the first of March. 

What c;in yon say of ihe animated uaiuir of St. Louis! 

Grows stay with us a (I winter ; robins, larks, blue-birds and buntings ap- 
pear in the warm days of winter. Birds in variety appear in March. Bees 
ar< often tempted out of their hires the early part of April. Ducks, geese, 
and brants fly north in February and, March. Quails and pinnated grouse 
are abundant all the year. 



LK330N XXXV. 
Mounds. 

Give Brackenridge's account of the mounds. 

"They are situated on the second bank fust above the town and disposed 
in a singular manner. The space enclosed is about four hundred yards in 
length and tiro hundred in breadth-; about six hundred yards above there is a 
single mound with a broad .stage on the river side. It is thirty feet in height 
and one hundred fifty in length, the top is a were ridge of lire or six feet wide. 

Wluit wats the commonest form or the Mound-builder pottery? 

They reprc.se i, I < d k< tiles, < ups, water-jugs, pipes, and rases. They ornament- 
ed the surfaces of lhe.se with cur red lines and, fretwork and moulded, them in 
the image of birds, quadrupeds and the human figure. There is a collection 
of these treasured in the museum of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences, and 
in the Missouri Historical Society. 

vviiat does all the evidence that hus been collected of this race tend to show f 

That they were laborious, had fixed habitations, were numerous and gregari- 
ous, d, veiling inpopulaus cities, attested by the grouping of the mounds, and 
that they were acquainted with many of the practical arts of civilized life. 

What Indians are thought lobe descendants of the mound-builders/ 
The Katche.s Indians, and they are said to be rery much like them in man- 
u rs and customs. 

Name the [ndiaqa fo.m ! by the early settlers within the limits of Missouri and 
Illinois. 



OLD LAND MARK?. 

The Illinois Indians, the Shawanese, (he Osages, the Pawanese, the Iroquois, 
the Sacs and Foxes, the Otoes and the Missouri. 

What Indians are supposed to have been the original occupants of St. Louis '! 

The Natchez, but they were expelled by the assaults of the Iroquois and Al- 
gonquins at that time allies. 

Describe Chouteau Pond. 

It was a I ii;r surround* d by trees of the original forest. It is more than for- 
ty yearsago si nee it . xistt d in its original farm. It /cos then a glittering sheet 
of water covering an area of one hundred acres. Thesite oftheFour Courts 
was a sort of promontory jutting into the lake and occupied by the old Chou 
tea// Mansion. 

What can you say of the west side of the pond ? 

On this side there was a gradual slope, con red villi hazel-bushes, scrub oak. 
persimmon trees, and <,ra[ e tines. To this spot groups of women wouldresort 
to w ish their clothes in the style of the old countries. 

When was the pond removed! 

The /rater was not all let out at once. The great body was drawn off in 
1862 and 1853 ; the deepest part, some years later. 

What necessitated the drainage? 

First, the unwholesome accumulatiovis, the unavoidable result of the city's 
growth in tl, at aim ti in ; second, the central position cj th< pond, its easy 
gmde and public accessibility made it a desirable outlet to the rixtr an advan- 
tage of which the Mistouri Tacific Bailroad availed itself. 

LESSON XXXVI. 

Old Land Marks. 
11 what year was an ordinance passed that formal names ti.ould be given to 
the streets of St. Louis/ 

In 1826. II was then decided that Marlcet street should retain its name. The 

first parallel or crossstreet north, of it should be called Chestnut, the others. 

Pine, Olive, Locust, Vine, Laurel. Prune, Oak, Cherry. Hickory. Pear, and 

Wit ban siret ts respective ly. The si reels south of Market were named Walnut 

, Myrtle, Spruce, Almond, Poplar, Plum. Cedar. Mulberry. Lombard. 

Hazel, and. Sycamore si reels respectively. The streets running parallel, or 

nearly so, »*",■■■ to be numerically named, except that nearest t lie river which 



42 CHILD'S GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

was to be called Front Street. 

In 1818 how ma ay approaches were there from Hie river to the city ? 

Two. These led up Market and Morgan Streets. 

Has St. Louis, made use of any means to preserve the old land mark ? 

No, this important point has been wholly neglected. 

Can you give the location of some of those old marks? 

Shickle & Harrison Iron Works occupies the site of the main body of Chou- 
teau Pond ; the old stone mill was torn down in 1863 ; the site is now covered 
by a substantial building of brick, while the Union Depot is located partly 
on the old shore and partly on the bed of the pond . 

Give the date of foundation of some of^he French towns of the Illinois. 

KaslcasJcia and Cahokia were founded between 1690 and 1700 ; Ste. Genevieve 

in 17 Jo ; St. Louis in 1764 ; St. Charles in 1796 ; and New Madrid the same 

year. Carondelet, Florissant and Maramec are embraced within this area. 

The settlers of t all were French, or their descendants, coming mainly from 

Canada. 

ii * «-» 

•LESSON XXXVI 1. 
Civil War. 

Who were t!ie "Wide Awakes ? " 

They were a club organized by the St. Louis Republicans during the pres- 
idential campaign of I860. 

Where riid General Fremont select a place for his camp of instruction? 

He selected a tract of one hundred and fifty acres oun<d ly Col. John 
(f Fallon, immediately west of the Fair Grounds. Col. O Fallon gave the 
land for one year at the nominal price of $ 150. 

How were the bin a \s kinw.n f 

C imp of Instruction Benton Barracks. Tie troops were to be stationed 
at this post to recruit, organize and drill. 

What was \\\^ cost of tue building of the barracks? 

8 60,000 and the improvements cost $J>,000. 

Give a brief account <>f the history and capture of Cam - ) .Jackson. 

Missouri was partly Republican, partly Democratic. A number of the Re- 
publican party fraternized , calling Humstlrts tk Black .lagers. " drilling t nd 
practising rifle- shooting. The li Minute men " of the Democratic party 1 ept 



THE CIVIL WAR. 43 

their organization and their head- quarters, and in these places drill was go- 
ing on, and recruiting for the Confederate army. The Mayor of the city, 
Louis Filley, was Republican, the Governor, Claiborne Jackson, sympathiz- 
ed entirely with the South. The two parties looked on each other with suspic- 
ion, and both kept a hungry eye on the Arsenal. Whoever possessed thai, 
held the city. The United States Government held if : I he "States Right 
Party" 1 wished to possess it. 

Why was Camp Jackson formed ? 

To answer the requirements of a bill formed in 18~>o, in mew of the threat- 
ening relations between the North and South. The people <>f Missouri being 
made up of nearly equal proportions from both places it must be expected that 
their sympathies were divided . 

Capt. jV. Lyon commanding U. S. troops in and about St. Louis Arsenal 
seemed, somewhat suspicious of the loyalty <f Gen. Frost . He watched all 
movements around the Camp distrust in gly, and finally received command 
from the Secretary of War to muster four r<gimerits act < \ ding to order f rem 
President Lincoln. These were given to protect public pn pt rty and exteute 
the laws. The first measure taken ly Lyon was to secure tie Camp. The regi- 
ments selected for this purpose were the First, Second. Third and. Fourth 
Missouri Volunteers, and the Third and Fourth Bi.iik Guards. 

Col. Blair's regiment approached Camp Jackson ly way of Laclede 
Avenue. Col. Boernstein's marcJud up Pine Street ; Cd. Schuttner's.up Mar- 
ket ; Col. Sige.Vs, up Olive ; Col. Brown's, up Morgan, and Col. Mc Kiel's 
up Clark Avenue : in this way the. camp would be surronitded. When all 
was in readiness Capt. Lyon sent an < aplanation. or rattier a demand to give 
up tlw Camp. Finishing his message with the words. 

'• Believing myself prepared to enforce 1 bis demand, one half-hour's time be- 
fore doing so, will be allowed for your compliance therewith."' 

To this Gen. Frost replied: 

''Sir. — I never for a moment conceived the idea that so illegal and nii- 
eonsiitutional a demand as I have just received from ;\ou would be made by an offi- 
cer of the United States army. 1 am wholly unprepared to defend my command 
from this unwarranted atiack, and ^hall therefore be fenced to comply with your 



44 child's GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

demand. 

I am Sir, very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

D. M. Froat 
Brig Gen. Comdg. Camp Jackson." 

Gen. Frost then sent order to his companies, still engaged in their 
military exercises, to march to their camp grounds, stack arms and form in 
line by battalions. This done, Lyon sent Capt Sweeney to lake possession 
of the camp, while Lieut. Schofield was delegated to take its late inmates to 
imprisonment in the arsenal. When the head of (he rank had proceeded 
about a block and a half along Olive Street toward the city, the prisoners 
were kept standing in their ranks, unarmed of course, for nearly three hours. 
This halt has never been explained. The crowd that gathered became excited. 
Accounts vary as to what followed, but the result was, that several victims 
of the events which took place at Camp Jackson on the 10th of May, came to 
their death by gun-shot wounds, inflicted by musket balls, discharged by cer- 
tain United States Volunteers, under the command of Gen. Lyon. 

In what year were the grounds, given by Col. O'Fallon in 1*61 for the use of 
the United States army, returned to its owner f 
In September, I860. 

Give the location of Oamp Jackson. 

The tents were pitched in Lindell Grove, now the Fair Grounds, a wooded 
r alley near the intersection of Olive Street with Grand Avenue. 



LESSON XXXVIII. 

Counties of Missouri. 

Name the Counties of Missouri beginning with A. 

Adair, Andrew, Atchison, Andraiu, 
Those beginning with B. 

Barr, Barton, Bat s, Burton Butler, Boone, Bolenger, Buchanan. 
Those beginning with C. 

Cold well. Collaway, Camden, Cope, Carroll, Carter, Cass, Cedar, Clinton, 
Chanior, Clark, Clay, Christian, Cole, Crawford. 

Those beginning with D 

Dade. Dallas, Daviess, DcKalb, Dent, Douglas, Dunklin, 



KANSAS CITY. 45 

Jame those beginning with F, G, and H. 

Franklin; Gasconade, Gentry, Greene, Grundy; Harrison, Henry. Holt, 
Howard^ Howell, Hickory. 

Name those beginning with I, J, and K. 

Iron; Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Johnson; Knox. 

Name those beginning with L, and M. 

Laclede, LaFayctte, Lawrence, Lewis, Lincoln, Linn, Livingston; Macon. 
McDonald, Madison, Maries, Marion, Mercer, Miller, Mississippi, Morgan, 
Moniteau. Monroe. Mont (joinery, 

Name those beginning with N, and O. 

New Madrid, Newton, Nodaway; Oregon, Osage, Ozark. 

Name those beginning with P, R, S, and T. 

Pemiscot, Perry. Pettis, Phelps, Pikes, Platte, Polk, Pulaski, Putin an ; 

Ralls, Randolph, Ray, Reynolds, Ripley; St. Charles. St. Clair, St. 
Francis. Stc Genevieve, St. Louis. Saline, Schuyler, Scotland, Scott, Shan- 
non, Stoddard, Stone, Sullivan, Shelby; Texas, Taney, 

Name those beginning with V and W. 
Vernon; Warren. Washington, Wayne, Webster. Worth, Wright, 



LESSON XXXIX. 

Kansas City. 

Locate Kansas City. 

It is in, the extreme north-west corner of the county, is built up to the line 
of the State in the west, and the Missouri River on the north. The 'present 
city limits include an area of about 3,600 acres. 

With what Citien had Kansas City to rompete in metropolitan honors? 

With. Independence, irhich had grown rich with an inditputed monopoly of 
the commerce of the plains, and. irhich was disposed to make a death struggle 
to retain if: and with Westport which ridiculed the presumptuous aspirations 
of her steamboat landing. Also St. Joseph and Leavenworth, each with capi- 
tal and enterprise. 

What finally won the honor for Kansas City ? 

Its superior natural advantages. 

When did actual improve ment commence in Kar.sas City ? 

Jn 1866. This was shown in the rapid increase of the city in population, in 



46 child's GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

the immense amount of public and private improvement, and in all the sub- 
stantial and important interests which go to build up a great city. In all 
these, Kansas City has no parallel in the history of the continent. The num- 
ber of inhabitants increased from 6,000 to 32,°268 in jive years. 

What can you say of the railroad communications of Kansas City ' 

Fourteen lines of railway concentrate ivithin the limits of this city and it 
is believed that Kansas City is now and shall remain the converging and di- 
verging railroad center west of St. Louis. It has a magnificent iron bridge 
crossing the Missouri. 

Name the seat of Jackson County. 

Independence. It was selected and laid out in 1827, three miles south of 
the Missouri River. Population 3,600. 

Give ihe drainage of the Couniy. 

The Missouri 'washes the northern boundary. Big Blue River with its 
tributaries, Brush, West Fork, and several smaller creels drain the western 
part of the County. Rock and- Sugar Creeks enter the Missouri just west of 
Independence. Little Blue and its branches, among which are Spring, Bry- 
an's Camp, Mouse, Big Cedar, Little Cedar and East Foil: , drain the cen- 
tral portions, Fire Prairie, the north-east, and the head waters of the Big 
Sniabar, the south-eastern part of the county. The larger vatt-r- courses trav- 
erse the county in the general direction of from south-west to north-east. 

What can you say of the natuia! productions of the County ? 

Its agricultural productions are corn, wheat, oats, hemp, tobacco, cattle and 
hogs, a net the fruits (end vegetables common to the latitude. There is an abun- 
dant supply of excellent building stone. 



LESSON XL. 

Saint Joseph.. 

Of what county is this City the county-seat? 

Of Buchanan county. St. Joseph.is named in honor of its founder, JosepJi 

Robidoux. It is beautifully situated, on an undulating, plain in a bend of 

the Missouri River, ~>'f> miles from its mouth, 310 miles from St. Louis by 

railroad, and 565 by river. 

What was this place in [S4t3 ? 

At this time St. Joseph contained only two log houses and a small frame 



ST. JOSEPH. 47 

flouring mill siutated on Black Snake Creek. 

How did its founder, Joseph Robidoux, manage the settlement of this city! 

He allowed no settler s\upon his claim till he obtained his title to 160 acres 
of land in May 1SJ^. St. Joseph was incorporated as a milage, Feb. 26, 18J t G. 
with Joseph Robidoux as first president of the Board of Trustees. 

What can you say of its facilities for transportation f 

The 3Iissouri River, and virtually eleven railways extend, the commerce 
of the city to the whole north-west of the State, and to large portions of 
Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa. • 

Show how St. Joseph has the advantages of a central location. 

It is midway between the Atlantic and the Pacific, British America and the 
Gulf. An Air line from Chicago to Santa Fe passes through this city. A 
straight line drawn from Augusta, Maine, to San Diego in Lower California, 
passes through Detroit, Chicago and St. Jose? h, and the latter city is an equal 
distance from either extreme. The North and, the South, the East and West will 
in all future time exchange products and short lines of communication pass 
through Si. Joseph. 

What can you say of the manufactories of St. Joseph! 

It has a large boot and shoe manufactory, clothing menu factory, stven- 
teen cigar manufactories, a car and machine shop, a Irani factory. In all 
St. Joseph has &4 manufacturing establishments, besides the large number of 
shoemakers, tailors, glove-makers, brick-makers, bcx-makers, etc. 

Give the drainage of Buchanpn Comity. 

Lakes form an important feature of this County. Contrary Lake five miles 
south-west of St. Joseph, is shaped like a half circle, half a mile wide and 
nearly six miles in length. Horseshoe, Muskrat, Lost, Singh ten, Prairie. >u- 
gar and Mark's Lakes, are also found in this county in the townships border- 
ing on the Missouri River. The county near the Platte River is heavily 
timbered,. The Platte Country has a world-wide fame for its fertility, the 
deep soil producing all kinds of grains, grasses, fruits, and vegetables found 
in, this latitude. 

What can you say of the physical features of the county 

It is agreeably diversified with hill and dale, high and steep bluffs, low and 
gentle declivities and gently undulating surfaces. There is a bluff 6' miles 
south- west of St. Joseph which is 3 10 feet high. The other bluffs along the 
river are not so high. 



48 CHILD'S GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

Give the situation of Chillicothe. 

Chillicothe has a beautiful and healthy location near the center of Living- 
ston County on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. It is 215 miles from 
St. Louis, 95 miles from Kansas City, and 76 miles from St. Joseph, and is 
on the St. L., K. C, and N. R. W. 

When was it located county seat ? 

In 1837, on land owned by John Graves. It was incorporated in 1855. 

What advantages are brought to it by its superior railroad facilities ? 

It thus becomes an important point for stock, grain, and produce. 

What natural productions are found ? 

Coal, sand, and limestone; A superior quality of timber, and water power 
in abundance. 

Name some of its manufactories. 

Candy, patent medicine, cigar, furniture, and washing machine manufac- 
tories. 

What can you say of public buildings of Chillicothe 

It has fine public buildings, the city hall and market-house costing 31,000. 

After whom is the County named? 

In honor of Edward Livingston, Secretary of State under President Jackson. 

What trees abound in this County ? 

Black, white, and red chestnut ; pine and laurel oak; maple and sugar ma^ 
pie, sycamore, cotton-wood, black walnut, linden, shell-bark hickory, pecan, 
white and' red elm, ash, red-bud mulberry, dogwood and clurry. 

In which part of the County may thewe trees be found best and most abun- 
dantly ? 

Between the east and west Forks of Grand River. 

What can you of the soil of the County X 

It is dark and rich, from one to two feet in depth, except in the broken por- 
tions where it is light brown often sandy, and only a few inches in depth, 
but well adapted to fruit culture and, grazing. 



LESSON XLI. 

Hannibal. 

In what county is Hannibal 1 

It is in the south-eastern corner of Marion county, the terminus of the H. 



HANNIBAL. 94 

St. J. R. R., and the M., K. & T. R. R., and on the K. <£ B. R. R. It is on 

the west bank of the Mississippi River, which is bridged at this point, thus 
making Hannibal the western terminus of the T., W. and W., and F. V. 
Branch of Q., A. and St. Louis Railroads. It is also the northern terminus 
of the M., K. & T. R. R., and present terminus of the M., V. & W. R. R., 
and of the St. Louis, H and K. R. R., which is in operation from Frankford, 
to Hannibal, a distance of 18 miles. 

Where is Hannibal built? 

Hannibal is built between Halliday 's Hill on the north and Lover's Leap 
on the south, and is divided by Bear Creek into North Hannibal and South 
Hannibal. 

How far back from the river does it extend 

About two miles, over the valley of the creek and up on the hillsides, mak- 
ing a beautiful and picturesque city. 

By what name was it formerly known ! 

In early times it was known as Staveley's Landing. 

Where is the oldest portion of the city? 

Near the ferry landing; after this, Palmyra Avenue was settled and then 
Main Street. 

By whom was the first log cabin built and when ? 

By Moses D. Bates and Bro. in 1817. 

Did the Indians disappear at once ? 

No, for years after this settlement their wigwams dotted the hilh about it, 
but their number decreased as white settlers came in. 

When was the first frame and the first brick house built ? 

In 1829, Mr. Mitchell built the first frame house, and in 1823 Joseph Hamil- 
ton the first brick house, the latter on thelevee. 

When was the Hannibal lin'dge erected over the Mississippi? 

In 1870 and 1871. It cost ^J-,85,000, is a combined railroad and highway 
bridge over the Mississippi. The trains of the C, B. & Q. R. R. t and the 
T., W. & W. R. R., pass over the bridge and, through the tunnel, which is cut 
through Halliday' s Hill, one mile above the city, and 302 feet long, 20 feet 
high, and, 18 feet wide. 

What is the county st-at of Marion County? 

Palmyra, which is 14 miles from Hannibal and 11^ miles from West Quin- 
cy. It has about 3,000 inhabitants. 



50 child's GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

When was Marion County organized ? 

Dec. 23, 1826, and the first court was held March 26, 1827. 

How is the county drained ? 

By North and South Fabius, Troublesome Saline and Grassy Greeks, North 
and South Rivers and many smaller streams. There are many springs of pure 
water, besides several chalybeate and sulphur springs. 

Describe Hannibal Cave. 

It is situated one mile below the city of Hannibal and about a quarter of 
a mile from the Mississippi River ; it is approached through a broad ravine, 
hemmed in by lofty ridges ichich are at right angles with the river. The ante- 
chamber is 8 feet high and 15 feet long; this descends into the Narrows, thence 
through Grand Avenue to Washington Avenue where the Altar chamber is 
reached. Bats may be seen in the Bat chamber hanging from the ceiling in 
clusters. In this cave are two natural wells which are circular in shape and 
filled, with limpid water. In 181^0, Dr. Joseph McDowell, of St. Louis, pur- 
chased it with the intention of using it as a grand museum. 

Locate Lover's Leap. 

Lover's Leap, a promontory 300 feet above the Mississippi River, is in South 
Hannibal, and commands a fine view of the city and surrounding county. 



LESSON XLTI. 

Sedalia. 



Bound Pettis County. 

It is bounded on the north by Saline County, east by Cooper and, Morgan, 
south by Benton, west by Henry and Johnson Counties ; it contains ^6,289 
acres. 
Name the county scat and tell wbat you know of it. 

Sedalia is the seat of Pettis, county. It is a beautiful little city styled the 
" Queen City of the Prairies, " 189 miles west of St. Louis, 96 miles east of 
Kansas City, and 30 miles from the Missouri River. 

When and by whom was it laid out ? 

In 1859, by Gen. R. Smith, who named it Sedville for his daughter Sarah, 
who was familiarly called Sed. The name was afterwards changed' by Mm 
into Sedalia. 

Whe<ii was the M. P. R. E. opened from St. Louis \o Sedalia? 



STE. GENEVIEVE. 51. 

In January 1860. For ten years Sedalia was the terminus of this route, work 
being stopped on the road by the civil war. 

Did Sedalia feel the effects of this war? 

Yes, numerous raids were made on this place by the Confederate troops. 
The town was captured twice, first by Capt. Staples in 1801. and afterward 
by Gen. Jeff. Thompson with a party of Gen. Price's command Oct. 15, 186^. 

When were the county records moved from Georgetown to Sedalia and why " 

In 1862 for greater security. 

What can you say of the drainage of the County ? 

The northern part is -well watered by Black Water, Meath, Beaver Dam. 
Brushy, Turkey, and Muddy Creeks; in the southern by Flat Creek, Lake 
Creek, Spring Fork, Basin Fork, Camp Branch, and, Elk Fork with their 
tributaries. La Mine River, curving sharply westward, enters the county in 
the north-east, pursues a winding course for a mile or two, and then leaves as 
abruptly as it entered. Most of these streams flow north-easterly toward tin 
Missouri into which they empty by means of Lei Mine River. 



LESSON XLIII. 

Ste. Genevieve. 

Give the location of Ste. Genevieve. 

It is situated on the Mississippi River, 60 miles belcw St. Louis, arid U t s 
miles above Cairo. 

For what is Ste. Genevieve remarkable 1 

As being the oldest town in the State. It ioas originally built directly on 
Hie bank of the river but the great flcoel of 1785 caused the inhabitants to 
choose a higher situation. 

What wonderful change in the Mississippi has occurred at this point? 
. The main channel of the river turned eastward , thus forming an island be- 
tween the town, and river. 

Can you repeat a description giveu of Ste. Genevieve in 1821 '! 

"The houses are generally one story ; frame or log. but all whitewashed, 
which gives the town quite a lively appearance. Many of the new houses how- 
ever arc of brick and are large and commodious. It has a chapel, a court- 
house and jail. " 

What can you say of it in 1S10 ? 



52 CHILD'S GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

It had then twenty large stores, and was the point where St. Louis pur- 
chased supplies. 

Bound Ste. Genevieve County. 

This county is in the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Jeffer- 
son County, north-east by the Mississippi River, south-east by Perry, and, 
south-west and west by St. Francois County ; it contains 319,711 acres. 

Who were among the first visitors and settlers in this county ? 

About 1720, Renault , son of a celebrated, iron founder of France, established 
himself at Fort Chartres on the opposite side of the Mississippi, ten miles 
above the present site of Ste. Genevieve. lie was in search of gold and silver 
to find which he sent out mining parties through what is now Missouri. 

Did he succeed in finding the precious metals? 

No, but he finally turned his attention to the smelting of lead, which was 
conveyed on pack horses from the interior to Fort Chartres, and thence to 
France via New Orleans. 

At what date does tradition place the first settlement of Ste. Genevieve f 

As early as 1735 ; a house was sold there in 1754, and new life was given it 
in 1763, when a number of French from Kaskaskia and St. Philip sett led 
there. Many of the descendants of the pioneers of Ste. Genevieve are men of 
much wealth and have held positions of honor and trust. 



LESSON XLIV. 

St. Louis County. 



What can you say of the new county of St. Louis? 

By an act of the legislature of Missouri passedin 1875, the township of St. 
Ferdinand, Central, Bonhomme, Meramac and Carondelet were separated 
from the city of St. Louis, and erected into a county bearing the same name. 

What farther change did this act effect? 

It extended theUmits of thecitM, defined the boundaries between the City 
and county, fer^X provisions ipld m - a de organisations of the county and 
the appointment of its tirst officers. 

After the constitutional oath of office was administrated what orders were 
issued' 

That the presiding justice of the new county, inform the presiding justice 
of the old county, that the new government is now organized in a manner as 



ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 53 

provided by law, and has assumed the control of the affairs of the county 
of St. Louis in the newly-established limits as fixed and determined by scheme 
and charter; also that the presiding justice surrender to the mayor of the 
city of St. Louis the county buildings and property belonging to Hie old 
county and located within the extended limits of the city. 

Where was the temporary county seat ? 

At the 3ft. Olive house, on Olive street rock road, 9 miles from the old court- 
house. First meeting was held at this place, March 12th, 1877. 

When was the last act in the separation of the city and county governments ac- 
complished? 

On the 18th of July 1877, the old county court adjourned forever . 

Where is the St. Louis county seat located? 

At Clayton 8 miles from the city, 2 miles from Forest Parle. 

When was the new Oourt-house first occupied ? 

Dec. 9, 1878. It is a brick structure and, is neatly -finished. The Jail which 
stands near the court-house is connected with it by a corridor 10 feet wide, 
and 16 feet long. 

St. Louis County occupies the tongue of land formed ly the junction of 
the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, and drained ly the Maramec; area, 550 
sq. m. population in 1870, 351,189, of whom 26,387 were colored. 

The surface is varied and the soil very fertile. There are extensive mined 
of coal and quarries of marble, and the western part extends into the great 
iron region of the state. 



LESSON XLV. 

Sundry Additional Remarks on St. Louis. 

St. Louis is 20. miles below the entrance of the Missouri, 175 miles above 
the mouth of the MtgB ifl»ippi -, 1,170 miles above New Orleans, and 125 miles east 
of Jefferson City; latitude 38 degrees, 37 minutes, 28 seconds north, longitude 90 
degrees, 15 minutes, 16 seconds west. 

The co-operate limits extend over a 11 miles along the river and in the 
extreme width is 3 miles. The densely built portiou its comprised in a district of 
about six miles along the river and two miles wide 



6 H 



child's GEOGRAPHY OF ST. LOUIS. 

/ 



St. Louis is built on three terraces. The first rising gently from the 
river for about one mile to Seventeenth street where the elevation is 150 feet 
above the stream. The ground there gently declines, rises in a second terrace 
to 25th street, again falls, and subsequently rises in a third terrace to a height of 
200 feet at Oote Brillante, four miles west of the river. The surface here spreads 
out into a wide and beautiful plain. 

The water supply of the city is taken from the Mississippi at Bissell's point. 
near the Northern boundary. It is raised into four reservoirs each 240 by 660 
feet, with an average depth of about 20 feet, by two pumping engines each with 
a capacity of 17,000,000 gallons a day. In these reservoirs it remains 24 hours to 
free it from sediment. It then passes into a small reservoir near the two high 
service engines which raise it to the storage reservoir, covering about 37 acres 
on Oompton Hill 26 ft. above the highest street grade. 

St. Louis is noted for the manufacture of flour being in' this respect the 
first city in the Union. 

The first Mass said in the site of St, Louis seems to have been in 1764, by Father 
Meurin who was the last of the Jesuit missionaries who resided permanently in the 
Illinois Country. Father Meurin was then stationed at Cahokia; he croased the 
river in a canoe, said Mass, and blessed the settlors and their work. Tbe first priest 
who resided permanently in St. Louis was Father Valentine a Capuchin friar; he 
remained from May 1772 to June 1775. Father Bernard officiated in St. Louis from 
May 1776 to November 1787. 

Bishop Dubourg arrived at St. Louis, Jan. 15, 1818, accompanied by Bishop 
Flaget of Kentucky. It has been said of Bishop Dubourg that he was a San Domingan 
by birth, a Frenchman in education, an American in principle, a priest in vocation. 
Bishop Rosatti was oonsecrated bishop of St. Louis by Bishop Dubourg, March 
25, 1824. In 184i Bishop Rosatti consecrated our present Reverend Archbishop, 
Bishop RosaUi dying in Rome Sept. 25, 1843, was sucoeeded by Rt. Rev. Peter 
Richard Kenriok. 

Tradition asserts that the first church built in St. Louis was a small wooden 
chapel which Father xMeuriu says he blessed June, 27, 1770. Bishop Dubourg built 
a church of brick in 1S18 south of the site of the present Cathredral; the first Mass 
was said i» it Christmas day 1819. The present Cathedral was consecrated Oct. 26, 
1834, by Bishop Rosatti. In an arch opposite the Bishop's chair is a valuable painting 
of st Louis presented to the diooese by Louis XVIII of France. 

St. Louis is divided into 12 wards ami is governed by a mayor and city council com- 
posed of two members from e;ich ward elected biennially. There are also a comp- 
troller, treasurer, and auditor. 



6'4 



GOVEBNMINT. 

Missouri is represented in the national congress by two senators and 
fourteen Representatives; she has therefore sixteen electoral votes. The Gen- 
eral Assembly of the State consists of thirty-four senators elected for four 
years, and 140 Representatives elected for two years. 

What can you say of the Judicial power of Missouri 9 It is vented in a 
Supreme Court consisting f five Judges, the St. Louis Court of appeals, Cir- 
cuit Courts, Probate Courts, County Courts, and Municipal Corporation 
Courts. The County Officers are; Judges of the County couit. Sheriff, Tieas- 
urer, Recorder, Assessor. Collector, Proseruiiug Attorney, Clerk of county 
court, Coroner, Public Administrator, Physician, School Commissioner and 
Surveyor. 

The Governor of the State is assisted by a Lieutenant-governor. Sec 
retary of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer, Attorney-general, and Super- 
intendent of Public Schools. Each of these (fficeisis elected for four years. 

The salaries of the State officers are as follows; Governor $5,000 ; Sec- 
retary of State $3 0C0: Treasurer $3000; Auditor $3000; Attorney General $3000; 
Superintendent of Public schools -$3000; Senators and Representatives $5 a day 
and mileage. 

St. Louis cast her first vote for presidents] candidates in L'OP; it was of 
course, ineffectual as Missouri was >not yet admitted into the Union. 

In the division of the Louisiana purchase in 1803, ,Y!icsouri was included 
in the district of Louisiana, which, in 1805. was erected into the territory of 
Louisiana with St. Louis as the seat of government, 

The Missouri state Constitution was formed by a convention of 40 dele- 
gates convened in St. Louis July Jl, J820; the state was admitted Aug. 10, 1821. 

There are now upward of 541, 207 \oies in ihe state; members of United 
states army inmates of Asylums, poorhouses. and prisons are excluded from 
voting. 

By an act of the Legislature of Missouri passed in IS75 the townships of 

St. Ferdinand, Central, Bonhomme, Maramec, and Carondelet were separated 
from 1 he city of St. Louis and erected into a county bearing that name. The 
corner stone of the new county court house was laid May 9, 1878. at Olayton 



V Us 



POPULATION, CLIMATE. 

Eight miles from St. Louis and about two miles west of Forest Park. Mr. 
Clayton gave one hundred acres for tbis purpose. 

The population of the principal Oities of Missouri are as follows : St. Louis 
350,518; Kansas City 55,785 ; St. Joseph 32,431 ; Hannibal 11,074; Sedalia 9,56! ; 
Joplin 7,038; Moberly 6,070 ; Jefferson City 5.271 ; St. Charles 5,014 ; Ste. Gen- 
evieve 1,422. 

The lowest temperature in our St. Louis winters may not fall - 10 
degrees er it may fall as low as -23 degrees. Summer heat some times does 
not exceed 93 degrees, but it may rise to 104 degrees, it never falls below 43 
degrees. 

The last frosts occur in spring between March 13th and May; on au aver- 
age about April 5 ; the latest frosts in Autumn set in between October 4th, and 
November 21st, on an average about October 27th. 

The first trees that bloom are the alder and the hazel, next the silver-leaf 
maple ; a few days after this between February 24th, and April 15th, on an aver- 
age March 19th the common white elm. During the following days roses, syringes, 
gooseberries, and many other bushes, also the weeping willows. 

The harvest of winter wheat succeeds the bloom of the catalpa usually 
about Juue 20th. 

The Mississippi, at St. Louis, freezes about once in four or five years, part- 
ly on account of the heavy ice floating from the north. It then remains closed 
sometimes for six weeks, it has been known to close as early as the first week 
in December. The river is said never to freeze over below Cape Girardeau. 

The Missouri River is sometimes closed in the latter part of November and 
has been known to remain firmly bridged over until the first week of March. 

The average annual rainfall in St. Louis, including the melted snow, is 41 
inches, but varies considerably in different years. Our regular rainy season ex- 
tends from the middle of April to the middle of July. Our summer rains mostly 
descend with great abundance and in a comparatively short time. 

St. Louis is 20, miles below the entrance of the. Missouii, 175 miles above 
the mouth of the MWin a ippi , 1,170 miles above New Orleans, and 125 miles East 
of Jefferson City— latitude 38 degrees, 37 minutes, 28 seconds North— longitude 
90 degrees, 15 minutes, 16 seconds v Vest. 



n 



GENERAL QUESTIONS. 



First Review. 

What is the extent of the city t What is its area ? What part most denneW 
built? Name its principal buildings. What are its particular attractions •' 

What special traveling facilities has it ? How does it rank with other cities in 
the I'uitod States in its manufactories Give its age and population. For 

what noted ? Name the principal streets. How does tho water transporta- 
tion compare with that of the Railway? What can be said of its school sys- 
tem* How mauy Catholic schools does it contain t What Religious orders 
hare charge of parochial schools ? What is the average attendance of the Cath- 
olic schools ? How does this attendance compare with that of other cities in 
the United States or in your own state? 

Second Review. 

What are the commercial advantagesof St. Louis? Name tie most 
important cities in your state ? Give the distance of each city from 

own city. Give population and Industries of each. Name the Rail-ways 

tliat lead to them and the places of most importance on the route. Name 
t.ht principal Catholic Institution in your state. Give the number of Catholic 
churches which it contains. Name the natural bodies of v .-ter to be seen 

from the Railroads. Give the changes of cars, and where. Give i he average rate 
of travel per mile What cities can be reached by water from ihe one in which 
you live ? Give the age of each of these cities. The extent of the states . 

Third Review. 

Name some of the most prominent men who belong to your state. 
Between what degrees of Latitude and Longitude is the state situated 1 
What is the basin of a river? How is the bed of the river formed? How 
is the bed of a lake formed ? Ho v are deltas formed? What are alluvial 
plains ? What is the land bordering the river on each side called ? What 
is a large stream of water flowing through the lan'l called? What are very small 
ones called ? Which is the left and which the right hank of the river ? 



it 

GENERAL QUESTIONS. 

Fourth Review. 

What is the curreut of a river? What is the foot and what the head ofa lake*/ 

What is up and what is down the lake? Give an account of the drainage. 

How are the lands of the earth divided ? In which World in the most land? 

How does the Northern Hemisphere compare with the Southern ' How does 
the extent of the New world compare with that of the Old ? How do the 

Grand Divisions compare in size? What part of the continent is called the 

coast? What are the points of land made by the bends of the coast called? 
Those parts that extend ro farinto the waleras to be almost surrounded by it 
What do we call a narrow neck of land connecting two larger portions ofla,nd? 

Fifth Reticle. 

Give the location of the capital of each state and tell which are most important. 
Give the boundaries of your state and say what you can of its surface. 
How is a peninsula always terminated? In which of the Worlds do we hod 
the most peninsulas? What portion of Europe do irs peninsulas occupy? 
Where does the Arctic Ocean lie? What do you find around the North Pole? 

How is this ocean connected with the Pacific and Atlantic ? How does the 
South Polar Ocean compare with the others? Owing to the great, extent of 
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans how are they divided ? Along the borders of 
the oceans we have parts with different forms given them by the lands joining 
them, to distinguish them from the Ojean, what do we c:Ul them ? Mention 
some of them, and give their location and characteristics. How are some of 
those bodies connected to the main ocean ? 

Sixth Review. 

What do we call a shallow strait or buy ? What is the difference between a 
plateau and a plain ? What do we call a wall of very high land extendingacross 
the country? What are the higher parts if sharp andpointed called ? What 
is the real form of the earth ? What is the apparent form What proofs 

have we of the real form What is the horizon 7 What are the cardinal 

points? Give the semi-cardinal points. AVhat is a map ' Give position 
of the United States. How is it bounded f Give its average extent from east 
to west. From north to south Describe the Atlantic coast. The Pacific- 



6,0 



GENERAL QUESTIONS. 

Seventli Review. 

How is the Mississippi Basin formed? Through what states does th« 
water shed separating this valley or basin from that of the St. Lawrence? De- 
scribe the Atlantic system. What can be said of the Hudson Valley? What 
portion ot' the St. Lawrence does the Pacific system drain Describe the flow 

of the Oolumbiaand Colorado ? Give the four divisions of the great platea» 

lying between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. Describe each. 
How does the great basin of both compare with the others ? Give the height 
of each of these plateaus. What can be said of the soil of each of these plateaus ? 
Of that midway between the Mississippi and the base of the Rocky Mountains ? 
Of the Rocky Mountains and their valleys ? For what occupation is the Ap- 
palachian Region suited f Ttie Rocky Mountain Region ? What prevets 
agriculture in this region? What are the agricultural sic,, s of \ ! e northern 

region'' What are the staples of the warm, temperate or southern region? 

Eighth Review. 

Where is the manufacturing most extensive ? Mention some of the man- 
ufactories. How does the foreign commerce of the United States compare with 
other countries ? What is true of the domestic commerce? Mention the 
most important railroads and the places they connect? frame ilie imports 
Name the exports. Name some of the largest and most important < ities of the 
United states. How are the population distributed! For what are the Amer- 
ican people noted? What inventions ! ave been made by them What in 
the difference between a State and Territory How are territories admitted 
as Stales Give a short sketch of the history of the United States. When 
was Alaska purchased Give position of North America. What is its form 

How is it joined to South America Describe the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific 
coasts. What can be said of the Carribeau Sea What do we know of Greenland' 



Review of the State. 

Give the seats of the following Counties — Greene, Jefferson, Jasper, 
Knox, St. Louis, Howard, Cole, Jackson, Clay, and Livingstone. 

Give the population of the following cities in Missouri, — St. Louis, 
Kansas Oity, St. Joseph, Chillicothe, Ste. (ienevieve Brookfield, Springfield, 
Jefferson City, Sedalia, Palmyra, Hannibal, and Carrolto:.. 

Give the leading occupation of the people in ibe following places St. 
Louis, Sedalia, Jefferson City, Kansas City, St. Joseph, Chillicothe Hannibal 
Joplin, St. Genevieve, Columbia, Moberly, Maryville, Springfield. Macon. 

Mention the navigable waters of Missouri and desciibe each. 

What can you say of its smaller streams * 

Name and'locate some of the springs of Missouri — springs of pure wa- 
ter suit springs sulphur springs chalybeate springs and petroleum 
springs. 

What clays are found in the State ? 

Say what you can of the of its stones Of the pebbles and sand of our 

stream and tell for what they are used. 

What can you say of the Timber and of the general vegtaiion. 

General Review. 

peninsulas and CAPES — State in what continent or isl; «id each is situa- 
ted, also in what direction, and into what waters each projects. 
Yucatan Nova Scoti.t Lower California Arabia Kamchatka In do- China 
Deccan Corea Asia Minor Malay Florida Scandinavian — Capes, Cod Hat- 
teras San Lucas Matapan North Finisterre Horn Gallinas Verd Eon 
St. Roque Good Hope Spartel Guardafui Comorin North-east Romania. 

CoaST WaTEB — State with what ocean each is connected, to what con- 
tinent it lies adjacent, and what, lands, if any, surround it. If a strait, state 
what waters it connects. 

Seas of Arabia, Azov, China lied Sea Adriatic Baltic Aral Caspian 
Dead — Bays of Hudson Bengal Baffin Biscay— Gilfti of St. Lawrence 
Mexico California Persia Venezuela. 

TtiVERS — Mississippi Missouri Arkansas Ohio Bio Grand Del Norte 

ilih-il) Columbia Hndson Potomac Amazon Madeira Orinoco I. a 

Plata Vo!gi Dinube Don Dana Rhine Rhone Po Seine Elbe Oder 

Thames Lena, Yenisei Hoang-Ho Yaug-tse-Kiang Mekong Ganges Jrawaddy 

Indus Amno Niger Congo Zambesi Murray 




